{"id":474,"date":"2016-12-14T12:57:00","date_gmt":"2016-12-14T12:57:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ishik.edu.iq\/education\/biology\/?page_id=474"},"modified":"2025-09-22T09:28:53","modified_gmt":"2025-09-22T09:28:53","slug":"project-thesis","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/education.tiu.edu.iq\/biology\/project-thesis\/","title":{"rendered":"Project &#038; Thesis"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"fusion-fullwidth fullwidth-box fusion-builder-row-1 nonhundred-percent-fullwidth non-hundred-percent-height-scrolling\" style=\"--awb-border-radius-top-left:0px;--awb-border-radius-top-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-right:0px;--awb-border-radius-bottom-left:0px;--awb-flex-wrap:wrap;\" ><div class=\"fusion-builder-row fusion-row\"><div class=\"fusion-layout-column fusion_builder_column fusion-builder-column-0 fusion_builder_column_1_1 1_1 fusion-one-full fusion-column-first fusion-column-last\" style=\"--awb-bg-size:cover;\"><div class=\"fusion-column-wrapper fusion-column-has-shadow fusion-flex-column-wrapper-legacy\"><div class=\"fusion-tabs fusion-tabs-1 classic nav-is-justified horizontal-tabs icon-position-left mobile-mode-accordion\" style=\"--awb-title-border-radius-top-left:0px;--awb-title-border-radius-top-right:0px;--awb-title-border-radius-bottom-right:0px;--awb-title-border-radius-bottom-left:0px;--awb-alignment:start;--awb-inactive-color:#faf9f8;--awb-background-color:#ffffff;--awb-border-color:#ede8e8;--awb-active-border-color:#f09a3e;\"><div class=\"nav\"><ul class=\"nav-tabs nav-justified\" role=\"tablist\"><li class=\"active\" role=\"presentation\"><a class=\"tab-link\" data-toggle=\"tab\" role=\"tab\" aria-controls=\"tab-bf56e3a80ade4303d82\" aria-selected=\"true\" id=\"fusion-tab-2017-2018\" href=\"#tab-bf56e3a80ade4303d82\"><h4 class=\"fusion-tab-heading\">2017-2018<\/h4><\/a><\/li><li role=\"presentation\"><a class=\"tab-link\" data-toggle=\"tab\" role=\"tab\" aria-controls=\"tab-8a7c22c0bc802827e5b\" aria-selected=\"false\" tabindex=\"-1\" id=\"fusion-tab-2018-2019\" href=\"#tab-8a7c22c0bc802827e5b\"><h4 class=\"fusion-tab-heading\">2018-2019<\/h4><\/a><\/li><li role=\"presentation\"><a class=\"tab-link\" data-toggle=\"tab\" role=\"tab\" aria-controls=\"tab-628a5d02fb37ee3653e\" aria-selected=\"false\" tabindex=\"-1\" id=\"fusion-tab-2019-2020\" href=\"#tab-628a5d02fb37ee3653e\"><h4 class=\"fusion-tab-heading\">2019-2020<\/h4><\/a><\/li><li role=\"presentation\"><a class=\"tab-link\" data-toggle=\"tab\" role=\"tab\" aria-controls=\"tab-a3805e4ddc7179051da\" aria-selected=\"false\" tabindex=\"-1\" id=\"fusion-tab-2021-2022\" href=\"#tab-a3805e4ddc7179051da\"><h4 class=\"fusion-tab-heading\">2021-2022<\/h4><\/a><\/li><li role=\"presentation\"><a class=\"tab-link\" data-toggle=\"tab\" role=\"tab\" aria-controls=\"tab-c8182c562d08eb730b6\" aria-selected=\"false\" tabindex=\"-1\" id=\"fusion-tab-2022-2023\" href=\"#tab-c8182c562d08eb730b6\"><h4 class=\"fusion-tab-heading\">2022-2023<\/h4><\/a><\/li><li role=\"presentation\"><a class=\"tab-link\" data-toggle=\"tab\" role=\"tab\" aria-controls=\"tab-eaaa222bff320a3e231\" aria-selected=\"false\" tabindex=\"-1\" id=\"fusion-tab-2023-2024\" href=\"#tab-eaaa222bff320a3e231\"><h4 class=\"fusion-tab-heading\">2023-2024<\/h4><\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div class=\"tab-content\"><div class=\"nav fusion-mobile-tab-nav\"><ul class=\"nav-tabs nav-justified\" role=\"tablist\"><li class=\"active\" role=\"presentation\"><a class=\"tab-link\" data-toggle=\"tab\" role=\"tab\" aria-controls=\"tab-bf56e3a80ade4303d82\" aria-selected=\"true\" id=\"mobile-fusion-tab-2017-2018\" href=\"#tab-bf56e3a80ade4303d82\"><h4 class=\"fusion-tab-heading\">2017-2018<\/h4><\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div class=\"tab-pane fade fusion-clearfix in active\" role=\"tabpanel\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-labelledby=\"fusion-tab-2017-2018\" id=\"tab-bf56e3a80ade4303d82\"><div class=\"accordian fusion-accordian\" style=\"--awb-border-size:0px;--awb-icon-size:25px;--awb-content-font-size:15px;--awb-icon-alignment:left;--awb-hover-color:#ffffff;--awb-border-color:#e7e4e2;--awb-background-color:#ffffff;--awb-divider-color:#e7e4e2;--awb-divider-hover-color:#e7e4e2;--awb-icon-color:#f09a3e;--awb-title-color:#ef9a3d;--awb-content-color:#7e8890;--awb-icon-box-color:#333333;--awb-toggle-hover-accent-color:#f09a3e;--awb-title-font-family:&quot;Open Sans&quot;;--awb-title-font-weight:700;--awb-title-font-style:normal;--awb-title-font-size:15px;--awb-content-font-family:&quot;Open Sans&quot;;--awb-content-font-style:normal;--awb-content-font-weight:400;\"><div class=\"panel-group fusion-toggle-icon-unboxed\" id=\"accordion-474-1\"><div class=\"fusion-panel panel-default panel-985e6d1add823c850 fusion-toggle-no-divider fusion-toggle-boxed-mode\"><div class=\"panel-heading\"><h4 class=\"panel-title toggle\" id=\"toggle_985e6d1add823c850\"><a aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"985e6d1add823c850\" role=\"button\" data-toggle=\"collapse\" data-parent=\"#accordion-474-1\" data-target=\"#985e6d1add823c850\" href=\"#985e6d1add823c850\"><span class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i class=\"fa-fusion-box active-icon awb-icon-minus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><i class=\"fa-fusion-box inactive-icon awb-icon-plus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fusion-toggle-heading\">Effect of Garlic (Allium sativum) in oral micro flora<\/span><\/a><\/h4><\/div><div id=\"985e6d1add823c850\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse \" aria-labelledby=\"toggle_985e6d1add823c850\"><div class=\"panel-body toggle-content fusion-clearfix\">\n<p>By: Hunar Khalil<\/p>\n<p>Supervisor: Mr. Aydin Col<\/p>\n<p><strong>Abstract<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Oral microbiology is the investigation and study of the microorganisms in the oral cavity and the connection between the oral microorganisms with each other and with the host and refers to the population of microorganisms. Oral cavity is the most complex and accessible microbial ecosystem of the human body, which contains, teeth, gingival (gums), tongue, buccal mucosa (cheeks) and throat. Human oral cavity is sterile at the beginning of their life when they born, but after that will be contaminated with the various, bacteria, protozoa, and fungi. And the oral cavity is home to a lot of microorganisms which some of them will stay for a period of time maybe hours and days but some of them will stay for a long time. All microorganisms which present in oral cavity doesn\u2019t cause diseases and also may be beneficial, but when there is a good condition for some microorganisms they will start to grow and make problem to the health. When there are diseases in any part or places it needs treatment in order to inhibit this disease to don\u2019t make any problems. Some diseases in oral cavity will be killer if we will not treat them, for example Candida albicans which it is pathogenic yeast. Sometimes they coexist peacefully with other yeast and bacteria, but sometimes their production may be cannot control because of many factors. First it binges to dominating our gut; it affects digestion and weakness of immune system.<\/p>\n<p>In order to know Garlic can inhibit the growth of microorganisms we used Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method by using two types of agar which they are MacConky agar and Mueller Hinton Agar. We have used 26g of each agar with 500ml of distilled water were prepared and autoclaved at 121 C<sup>\u25e6<\/sup> for 20min. We used four Petri dishes to culture the microorganisms. The microorganism\u2019s sample were cultured which taken from my mouth and Transport to Swab. We have used 10g of Black seed grinded by (Stone Grinder) for 20 mints and mixed with 200 ml of distilled water. We putted our sample (Garlic) to inside the Petri dishes and then The Petri dishes were put into the incubator in (37C<sup>\u25e6<\/sup>) for 24 hours to see the result. According to our result in this study it shows that Garlic can kill or inhibit the microorganisms to grow in oral cavity. The aim of this study is to find and evaluate the effects of Garlic on the growth of oral micro flora ether they growth or stop the growth or slow down the growth.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Key words: <\/strong>allium sativum; antimicrobial activity; garlic; oral cavity;<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-panel panel-default panel-225759f708d50d325 fusion-toggle-no-divider fusion-toggle-boxed-mode\"><div class=\"panel-heading\"><h4 class=\"panel-title toggle\" id=\"toggle_225759f708d50d325\"><a aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"225759f708d50d325\" role=\"button\" data-toggle=\"collapse\" data-parent=\"#accordion-474-1\" data-target=\"#225759f708d50d325\" href=\"#225759f708d50d325\"><span class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i class=\"fa-fusion-box active-icon awb-icon-minus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><i class=\"fa-fusion-box inactive-icon awb-icon-plus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fusion-toggle-heading\">The effect of Pistacia atlantica (gum) on human microbial flora<\/span><\/a><\/h4><\/div><div id=\"225759f708d50d325\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse \" aria-labelledby=\"toggle_225759f708d50d325\"><div class=\"panel-body toggle-content fusion-clearfix\">\n<p>By: Kaiwan Babakr Hussein<\/p>\n<p>Supervisor: Mr. Aydin col<\/p>\n<p><strong>ABSTRACT<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0\u00a0 <\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0The oral cavity is the most intricate and the most accessible microbial environment of the human body. More than 7000 microorganisms lives on or inside a host however does not bring about any apparent disease. In any case, this terminology might delude, the same number of microbes can, under specific conditions, be related with human disease.<em>\u00a0 Pistacia atlantica<\/em> as antimicrobial specialists are perceived as protected common substances to their clients and for the earth and they have been measured at low risk for resistance growth by pathogenic microorganisms. The antimicrobial properties of the natural species are known. The usage of different species of Pistachio as antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, anti-atherogenic, hypoglycemia, antitumor and facilitating hepatic function is known. So, it is of interest to evaluate the effect of <em>Pistacia atlantica<\/em> on bacterial in mouth. The inhibitory effect gum of <em>Pistacia atlantica<\/em> without extraction of the gum were tested against human oral microorganisms, no effect was shown on microorganisms which were by Kirby-Bauer method with both media Mueller Hinton Agar (gram positive) and MacConkey Agar (gram negative). But in other cases which were used extract of the gum and used another methods, the result shown effect on microorganisms by decreasing the number of microbes.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Keywords: <\/strong>microorganism, gum, <em>Pistacia atlantica<\/em>, antibacterial<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-panel panel-default panel-7f847d74a8de75378 fusion-toggle-no-divider fusion-toggle-boxed-mode\"><div class=\"panel-heading\"><h4 class=\"panel-title toggle\" id=\"toggle_7f847d74a8de75378\"><a aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"7f847d74a8de75378\" role=\"button\" data-toggle=\"collapse\" data-parent=\"#accordion-474-1\" data-target=\"#7f847d74a8de75378\" href=\"#7f847d74a8de75378\"><span class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i class=\"fa-fusion-box active-icon awb-icon-minus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><i class=\"fa-fusion-box inactive-icon awb-icon-plus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fusion-toggle-heading\">The effect of Arabic coffee on oral cavity<\/span><\/a><\/h4><\/div><div id=\"7f847d74a8de75378\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse \" aria-labelledby=\"toggle_7f847d74a8de75378\"><div class=\"panel-body toggle-content fusion-clearfix\">\n<p>By: Mohammed Muwlood Jameel<\/p>\n<p>Supervisor: Mr. Aydin col<\/p>\n<p><strong><br \/>\nAbstract <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>There are hundreds of microorganisms which are living inside our oral cavity that composed of different effects on our health. Those microorganisms are mixing with the different kind of food which we eat in our daily life. With optimum environment refers to body temperature and moisture of mouth cavity that help bacteria, fungi, viral species and other microorganisms to live and reproduce with all sources they have. Most of these pathogens are anaerobic organisms and because of that, they need special cultivation methods which weren\u2019t discovered before. Mixing of these microorganisms with oral cavity can Couse may diseases included: dental caries, plaque, acute and chronic oral candidiasis and many other disease effect the oral cavity. Many kinds of food are effected and produce different types of bacteria and other microorganisms which can be sugar-filled, non-nutritious snakes that effect the teeth, sweetened fruit drinks and many other kinds of food. When bacteria connects with those kinds of food inside oral cavity , acid provided in that aria and that will result in oral cavity diseases . To know the effect of food on oral flora, we have chosen one kind of plant which is the Arabic coffee that we drink it in our daily life. In laboratory, I cultured the bacteria with Arabic coffee inside some petri dishes with Kirby-Bauer Method and waited for 24 hours to know its effect on oral flora. As a result of that experiment, there was no any effect of Arabic coffee on our oral cavity. Some studies by Institute, creator of &#8220;Food Safety 1995 discovered that there is some effects if we take high amount of coffee which identified by other methods. Another study said that all caffeine in most kind of coffee are effected, but black caffeinated coffee is not effected and that can be found in Arabic coffee. That kind of caffeine composed of many benefits for our mouth like inhibits mouth cancer and plaque-producing bacteria on teeth. So, different studies and different result discovered about the effect of coffee on oral flora but most of the effects depends on how much amount of coffee, food and drinks we take every day and how can we take care about our heath in our daily life.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-panel panel-default panel-f474400459ddbef1b fusion-toggle-no-divider fusion-toggle-boxed-mode\"><div class=\"panel-heading\"><h4 class=\"panel-title toggle\" id=\"toggle_f474400459ddbef1b\"><a aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"f474400459ddbef1b\" role=\"button\" data-toggle=\"collapse\" data-parent=\"#accordion-474-1\" data-target=\"#f474400459ddbef1b\" href=\"#f474400459ddbef1b\"><span class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i class=\"fa-fusion-box active-icon awb-icon-minus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><i class=\"fa-fusion-box inactive-icon awb-icon-plus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fusion-toggle-heading\">The effect of Mentha sp (mint plant) on the microorganisms found in the oral cavity<\/span><\/a><\/h4><\/div><div id=\"f474400459ddbef1b\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse \" aria-labelledby=\"toggle_f474400459ddbef1b\"><div class=\"panel-body toggle-content fusion-clearfix\">\n<p>By: Saman Khidir Junaid<\/p>\n<p>Supervisor: Mr. Aydin COL<\/p>\n<p><strong>ABSTRACT<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The mouth is on of the most common gate or place between the body and outside that is why is act like an entry for many microbes especially from the air and during eating. The oral cavity includes protozoa, fungi, viruses, and bacteria. Because those protozoa, fungi, viruses, and bacteria are sometimes cause disease and they make us sick that is why we have to use something to prevent ourselves from being sick, so many years age till know the plant oil and extracts have been used to prevent and treat many diseases, in the other hand plant has a wide use in the food sources and specially the <em>Mentha<\/em> genus (mint plant) which is has diversity of usages and it can grow almost all over the earth and in many different environments. And it has various medicinal and aromatic values. In this study 10g of fresh mint have used, which collected in the home garden in Erbil, 10g of fresh mint grinded by (Stone Grinder) for 20 mints\u00ad and mixed with 200 ml of distilled water used in this study, and the aim of this study is to find the mint effect on growth of oral micro flora. And the result showed that mint plant freshly does not have effect on growth of oral micro flora. In conclusion it is better to use mint plant with other extracts to due to have more effect.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Key words<\/strong>: microorganism, micro flora, oral cavity, <em>Mentha, <\/em>plant extract<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-panel panel-default panel-77b98bcdeda1a9602 fusion-toggle-no-divider fusion-toggle-boxed-mode\"><div class=\"panel-heading\"><h4 class=\"panel-title toggle\" id=\"toggle_77b98bcdeda1a9602\"><a aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"77b98bcdeda1a9602\" role=\"button\" data-toggle=\"collapse\" data-parent=\"#accordion-474-1\" data-target=\"#77b98bcdeda1a9602\" href=\"#77b98bcdeda1a9602\"><span class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i class=\"fa-fusion-box active-icon awb-icon-minus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><i class=\"fa-fusion-box inactive-icon awb-icon-plus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fusion-toggle-heading\">Effect of Nigella spp in oral micro flora<\/span><\/a><\/h4><\/div><div id=\"77b98bcdeda1a9602\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse \" aria-labelledby=\"toggle_77b98bcdeda1a9602\"><div class=\"panel-body toggle-content fusion-clearfix\">\n<p>By: Zryan Dler<\/p>\n<p>Supervisor: Mr. Aydin Col<\/p>\n<p><strong>Abstract<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Oral microbiology is the investigation and study of the microorganisms in the oral cavity and the connection between the oral microorganisms with each other and with the host and refers to the population of microorganisms. Oral cavity is the most complex and accessible microbial ecosystem of the human body, which contains, teeth, gingival (gums), tongue, buccal mucosa (cheeks) and throat. Human oral cavity is sterile at the beginning of their life when they born, but after that will be contaminated with the various, bacteria, protozoa, and fungi. And the oral cavity is home to a lot of microorganisms which some of them will stay for a period of time maybe hours and days but some of them will stay for a long time. All microorganisms which present in oral cavity doesn\u2019t cause diseases and also may be beneficial, but when there is a good condition for some microorganisms they will start to grow and make problem to the health. When there are diseases in any part or places it needs treatment in order to inhibit this disease to don\u2019t make any problems. Some diseases in oral cavity will be killer if we will not treat them, for example Candida albicans which it is pathogenic yeast. Sometimes they coexist peacefully with other yeast and bacteria, but sometimes their production may be cannot control because of many factors. First it binges to dominating our gut; it affects digestion and weakness of immune system.<\/p>\n<p>In order to know Nigella sativa can inhibit the growth of microorganisms we used Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method by using two types of agar which they are MacConky agar and Mueller Hinton Agar. We have used 26g of each agar with 500ml of distilled water were prepared and autoclaved at 121 C<sup>\u25e6<\/sup> for 20min. We used four Petri dishes to culture the microorganisms. The microorganism\u2019s sample were cultured which taken from my mouth and Transport to Swab. We have used 10g of Black seed grinded by (Stone Grinder) for 20 mints and mixed with 200 ml of distilled water. We putted our sample (Nigella sativa) to inside the Petri dishes and then The Petri dishes were put into the incubator in (37C<sup>\u25e6<\/sup>) for 24 hours to see the result. According to our result in this study it shows that Nigella sativa can kill or inhibit the microorganisms to grow in oral cavity. The aim of this study is to find and evaluate the effects of Nigella sativa on the growth of oral micro flora ether they growth or stop the growth or slow down the growth.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-panel panel-default panel-0505f1cda83da954b fusion-toggle-no-divider fusion-toggle-boxed-mode\"><div class=\"panel-heading\"><h4 class=\"panel-title toggle\" id=\"toggle_0505f1cda83da954b\"><a aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"0505f1cda83da954b\" role=\"button\" data-toggle=\"collapse\" data-parent=\"#accordion-474-1\" data-target=\"#0505f1cda83da954b\" href=\"#0505f1cda83da954b\"><span class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i class=\"fa-fusion-box active-icon awb-icon-minus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><i class=\"fa-fusion-box inactive-icon awb-icon-plus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fusion-toggle-heading\">Anatomical and palynological studies of two cultivars of Capsicum annuum<\/span><\/a><\/h4><\/div><div id=\"0505f1cda83da954b\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse \" aria-labelledby=\"toggle_0505f1cda83da954b\"><div class=\"panel-body toggle-content fusion-clearfix\">\n<p>By: Khalat Nawzad<\/p>\n<p>Supervisor: Chnar Najmaddin<\/p>\n<p><strong>Abstract<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>This study evaluated the anatomical and palynological studies of investigated cultivars (<em>Capsicum annum<\/em> cv. biotic and <em>Capsicum annum<\/em> cv. california) that collected from Agriculture collage fields in Bardarash in Erbil. The anatomical results reveled the midrib outline, lamina and margin shapes are different between cultivars that was significance taxonomical value. As well as the epidermal cells are different, they are polygonal to sinuous with anomocytic, anisocytic and hemiparacytic stomata. The pollen grains shape and size indicate to presence the difference in polar and equatorial view between the taxa.\u00a0 <strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-panel panel-default panel-8b0b300510f2b3178 fusion-toggle-no-divider fusion-toggle-boxed-mode\"><div class=\"panel-heading\"><h4 class=\"panel-title toggle\" id=\"toggle_8b0b300510f2b3178\"><a aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"8b0b300510f2b3178\" role=\"button\" data-toggle=\"collapse\" data-parent=\"#accordion-474-1\" data-target=\"#8b0b300510f2b3178\" href=\"#8b0b300510f2b3178\"><span class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i class=\"fa-fusion-box active-icon awb-icon-minus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><i class=\"fa-fusion-box inactive-icon awb-icon-plus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fusion-toggle-heading\">The Prevalence of Depression among a sample of Cancer patients in Nanakaly hospital<\/span><\/a><\/h4><\/div><div id=\"8b0b300510f2b3178\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse \" aria-labelledby=\"toggle_8b0b300510f2b3178\"><div class=\"panel-body toggle-content fusion-clearfix\">\n<p>By: Aram Ibrahim Muhammad<\/p>\n<p>Supervised by<\/p>\n<p>Dr.Karzan Muhsin Barznjy<\/p>\n<p>Dr.Nasraw Mustafa Mahmud<\/p>\n<p><strong>Abstract<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Depression is a common mental disorder and is one of the main causes of disabilities worldwide. Lacking thematic depressive disorder assessment methods is the key reason that many depressive patients can&#8217;t be handled properly. It is the serious medical illness that negatively affects how you feel, the way you think and how you act. It has many causes and many types. In this study we used Beck Depression Inventory for testing our participant during seeking medical advice at hospital and we tested the relationship between cancers and the level of depression. We tested 52 patients and it appeared as a result that the gender, age and the level of education all didn\u2019t affect the level of depression in those cancer patients and the depression didn\u2019t affect the level of cancer patients.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Keywords: <\/strong>Depression, Cancer<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-panel panel-default panel-b45a333783d5ea26b fusion-toggle-no-divider fusion-toggle-boxed-mode\"><div class=\"panel-heading\"><h4 class=\"panel-title toggle\" id=\"toggle_b45a333783d5ea26b\"><a aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"b45a333783d5ea26b\" role=\"button\" data-toggle=\"collapse\" data-parent=\"#accordion-474-1\" data-target=\"#b45a333783d5ea26b\" href=\"#b45a333783d5ea26b\"><span class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i class=\"fa-fusion-box active-icon awb-icon-minus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><i class=\"fa-fusion-box inactive-icon awb-icon-plus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fusion-toggle-heading\">Study of autism spectrum Disorders (ASD) in children of Erbil city<\/span><\/a><\/h4><\/div><div id=\"b45a333783d5ea26b\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse \" aria-labelledby=\"toggle_b45a333783d5ea26b\"><div class=\"panel-body toggle-content fusion-clearfix\">\n<p>By: Halim Hamza<\/p>\n<p>Supervisor: Dr. Karzan Mohammad<\/p>\n<p><strong>Abstract<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<p>Autism spectrum Disorders is a group of developing brain disorders, which the individual face challenges with social engagement and age-appropriate play and fail to develop appropriate peer relationships according to their developmental level. During our study, we reported with children&#8217;s parent; this report presents data on the prevalence of diagnosed Autism spectrum Disorders (ASD) we asked some of the questions to the parents about their children. The information that we collected drown in (2018) of Erbil city in two centers (Hanna and Bahoz) center. The prevalence of parent report of ASD among children aged (2_11) years increased the number of children with ASD from (2016 to 2018). It was (2% ) increase to (6%)\u00a0 the magnitude of improvement was more significant for a boy than a girl, and rate of prevalence of Autism day by day it will increase in Erbil city.<br \/>\n<strong>Keywords<\/strong><br \/>\nAutism, Autism spectrum Disorders, prevalence, rehabilitation<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-panel panel-default panel-5cb384c5948305ec2 fusion-toggle-no-divider fusion-toggle-boxed-mode\"><div class=\"panel-heading\"><h4 class=\"panel-title toggle\" id=\"toggle_5cb384c5948305ec2\"><a aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"5cb384c5948305ec2\" role=\"button\" data-toggle=\"collapse\" data-parent=\"#accordion-474-1\" data-target=\"#5cb384c5948305ec2\" href=\"#5cb384c5948305ec2\"><span class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i class=\"fa-fusion-box active-icon awb-icon-minus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><i class=\"fa-fusion-box inactive-icon awb-icon-plus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fusion-toggle-heading\">Urinary tract infection in Sulaymaniah City<\/span><\/a><\/h4><\/div><div id=\"5cb384c5948305ec2\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse \" aria-labelledby=\"toggle_5cb384c5948305ec2\"><div class=\"panel-body toggle-content fusion-clearfix\">\n<p>By Muhammad Ahmad Muhammad<\/p>\n<p>Supervised by:<\/p>\n<p>Dr. Karzan A. Mohammad<\/p>\n<p><strong>Abstract<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Urinary tract infection (UTI) is an inflammatory reply of the urothelium to bacterial attack that is mostly joined with bacteriuria and pyuria. Nevertheless, the present study is aiming to know incidence of UTI in Sulaymaniah, to perform antibiotic resistant study, to evaluate medical treatment, to identify the main causative agents, to know how to prevent this condition, to reach the proper diagnosis, of UTI.\u00a0 Evaluation were done for them by taking full history , physical examination and investigations like general urine examination ,\u00a0 complete blood count, renal function test ( serum creatinine, blood uria ) ,\u00a0 ultrasound\u00a0 and kidney ureter bladder . All are treated by antibiotic, analgesia and intravenous fluid. Mid-stream urine samples were used for culture and sensitivity. These patients presented for a face to face interview. Data were collected in soft copies and arranged in concerned tables in MS Excel. Our findings were among 60 patients of Sulaymaniah Teaching Hospital and as we know that UTI is common among female mostly. Although mostly 23 patients diagnosed as acute pyelonephritis then another 23 patients as cystitis, moreover 30 patients presented with a sign and symptom of dysuria , fever and frequency, furthermore the duration of symptoms were 1, 2 and 3 days, as it is cleared that in the medical examination we had 24 patients with suprapubic tenderness which was the most recorded medical examination among the others, further the main symptoms of the patients was dysuria which we had 19 cases. Finally the age range of most of the patients were between 21- 40 years. In conclusion our study shows that the 35 female patients more affected than the\u00a0 25 male patients,\u00a0 while Gentamycin was the most frequent used antibiotic for patients. Further study on Escherichia coli( E. coli) should be done because about 90 % of causative microorganism is E. coli which is sensitive to Gentamycin.<\/p>\n<p>Keywords: UTI, bacteriuria, pyuria, acute pyelonephritis, cystitis<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-panel panel-default panel-21aa2d1052a4d011c fusion-toggle-no-divider fusion-toggle-boxed-mode\"><div class=\"panel-heading\"><h4 class=\"panel-title toggle\" id=\"toggle_21aa2d1052a4d011c\"><a aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"21aa2d1052a4d011c\" role=\"button\" data-toggle=\"collapse\" data-parent=\"#accordion-474-1\" data-target=\"#21aa2d1052a4d011c\" href=\"#21aa2d1052a4d011c\"><span class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i class=\"fa-fusion-box active-icon awb-icon-minus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><i class=\"fa-fusion-box inactive-icon awb-icon-plus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fusion-toggle-heading\">The Incidence of Biofilms of Candida sp.in Chemotherapy Receiving Cancer Patients in Erbil City<\/span><\/a><\/h4><\/div><div id=\"21aa2d1052a4d011c\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse \" aria-labelledby=\"toggle_21aa2d1052a4d011c\"><div class=\"panel-body toggle-content fusion-clearfix\">\n<p>By: Noor Dilshad Hashim<\/p>\n<p>Supervisor: Dr. Karzan A. Mohammad<\/p>\n<p><strong>Abstract<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Oral candidiasis knew as oral thrush among other names in candidiasis that occur in the mouth typically on the tongue or inner cheeks. In which this is known as oral candidiasis and that the oral candidiasis is a mycosis (yeast spherical &amp; dimorphic, fungal infection) of Candida species on the mucous membranes of the mouth, also it is commonly present as a superficial infection of the vaginal mucus. In our study, we collect 100 samples from two hospitals in Erbil city (Nanakeli and Raparin hospital) at 10th of Jan to 1st of March of 2018. We examined each sample by culturing and microscope, and we confirm 30 of positive samples by APIc test. The result is 38 patients that have oral thrushes is positive, and most patients are In Nanakeli hospital, and 25 of those positive to culturing and microscopic examination are Candida sp. In conclusion, increasing our understanding of the epidemiology of Candida sp. colonization in children and comparing the two hospitals that the first one has cancer patients and another one has no cancer patients. Which sound that in immunosuppressive patients the opportunistic fungi can grow well and can become infections such as oral thrushes, or vaginal thrushes or infection in the gut, and we can easily find the difference in incidence between two hospitals.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-panel panel-default panel-36a68a1cdf921268d fusion-toggle-no-divider fusion-toggle-boxed-mode\"><div class=\"panel-heading\"><h4 class=\"panel-title toggle\" id=\"toggle_36a68a1cdf921268d\"><a aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"36a68a1cdf921268d\" role=\"button\" data-toggle=\"collapse\" data-parent=\"#accordion-474-1\" data-target=\"#36a68a1cdf921268d\" href=\"#36a68a1cdf921268d\"><span class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i class=\"fa-fusion-box active-icon awb-icon-minus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><i class=\"fa-fusion-box inactive-icon awb-icon-plus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fusion-toggle-heading\"> PRELIMINARY INVESTIGATION OF STEM CELL THERAPY IN IRAQ<\/span><\/a><\/h4><\/div><div id=\"36a68a1cdf921268d\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse \" aria-labelledby=\"toggle_36a68a1cdf921268d\"><div class=\"panel-body toggle-content fusion-clearfix\">\n<p>By: Sarah Faris Ghassan<\/p>\n<p>Supervisor: Dr. Karzan A. Mohammad<\/p>\n<p><strong>Abstract<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Stem cell therapy is the new trend to heal or prevent a disorder. Stem cells are unspecialized undifferentiated cells, that have the ability to differentiate into specific cells. In addition, stem cells can divide and produce rapidly to make more cells of the same type. The most widely used stem cell therapy is bone marrow transplant for leukemia patients.<\/p>\n<p>The present study is a trial to review and analyze the usage of stem cell therapy in Iraq from to 2009 to 2018. The data showed that stem cell therapy is a doable approach for various diseases. Autologous stem cell transplant, according to the study, is being used to treat tens of diseases in the country some of which have a higher number of cases than others. Out of 1142 studied case the highest number of 385 suffered a spinal cord injury, followed by 165 cases of cerebral palsy, and 154 cerebrovascular accidents. Among the patients who received stem cell therapy, the majority were males according to the recorded data.<\/p>\n<p>Analyzing that data, it has been discovered that the highest rate of diseases was among people aged 21 to 40. Within the timeline of the study, 2017 had the biggest share of the cases. Furthermore, the study also tackled post treatment factors such as physical therapy, mental health, and progress of treatment. In conclusion, the stem cell therapy is a promising approach for common diseases in Iraq and the community\u2019s response is growing higher toward this technique. The offered therapy, however, is scientifically unproven for most of the cases. Improvement has been indicated in several cases, but further investigation is required to follow up the patients after treatment.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Keywords:<\/strong> stem cell therapy, stem cells, autologous stem cell transplant.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-panel panel-default panel-625439d61d560ecc2 fusion-toggle-no-divider fusion-toggle-boxed-mode\"><div class=\"panel-heading\"><h4 class=\"panel-title toggle\" id=\"toggle_625439d61d560ecc2\"><a aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"625439d61d560ecc2\" role=\"button\" data-toggle=\"collapse\" data-parent=\"#accordion-474-1\" data-target=\"#625439d61d560ecc2\" href=\"#625439d61d560ecc2\"><span class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i class=\"fa-fusion-box active-icon awb-icon-minus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><i class=\"fa-fusion-box inactive-icon awb-icon-plus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fusion-toggle-heading\">TOXOPLASMOSIS AMONG WOMEN IN ERBIL-IRAQ IN 2017-2018<\/span><\/a><\/h4><\/div><div id=\"625439d61d560ecc2\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse \" aria-labelledby=\"toggle_625439d61d560ecc2\"><div class=\"panel-body toggle-content fusion-clearfix\">\n<p>By: Abdullah Layth Salih<\/p>\n<p>Supervisor: Dr.samir jawdat<\/p>\n<p><strong>ABSTRACT <\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Toxoplasmosis is an infectious disease caused by a single celled parasite called <em>Toxoplasma gondii. <\/em>Studies have shown that up to 95% of some populations have been infected with\u00a0<em>Toxoplasma <\/em>in many places in the world. Among infected people, very few have symptoms. That\u2019s because a healthy person\u2019s immune system usually stops the parasite from causing illness. However, the infectious disease is very dangerous to pregnant women and people who have weak immune system. Tests are done to detect the presence of <em>Toxoplasma gondii <\/em>infection. Results of the infection\u2019s test are given as numbers of Igg and IgM and are compared with the standard range.<\/p>\n<p>This study aims to analyze a sample of 50 cases data collected from in 2017-2018 from Rojan laboratory in Erbil city, Iraq. The data showed that Toxoplasmosis has the highest rate of 58% among women aged between 21 to 30. The data also analyzed the IgG and IgM levels in several groups\u2019 ages. All the groups had a high level of IgG compared to IgM.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Keywords: <\/strong>Toxoplasmosis, <em>Toxoplasma gondii<\/em><em>, <\/em>Erbil city, women, IgG, igM.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-panel panel-default panel-e793f945bcc44406b fusion-toggle-no-divider fusion-toggle-boxed-mode\"><div class=\"panel-heading\"><h4 class=\"panel-title toggle\" id=\"toggle_e793f945bcc44406b\"><a aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"e793f945bcc44406b\" role=\"button\" data-toggle=\"collapse\" data-parent=\"#accordion-474-1\" data-target=\"#e793f945bcc44406b\" href=\"#e793f945bcc44406b\"><span class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i class=\"fa-fusion-box active-icon awb-icon-minus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><i class=\"fa-fusion-box inactive-icon awb-icon-plus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fusion-toggle-heading\">Immune Thrombocytopenia in Iraq for the year 2017<\/span><\/a><\/h4><\/div><div id=\"e793f945bcc44406b\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse \" aria-labelledby=\"toggle_e793f945bcc44406b\"><div class=\"panel-body toggle-content fusion-clearfix\">\n<p>By: Asawer Hasan Abdulsattar<\/p>\n<p>Supervisor: Dr.samir jawdat<\/p>\n<p><strong>ABSTRACT<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/strong>Platelets<strong>, <\/strong>also called thrombocytes, are fragments of cytoplasm produced in the bone marrow, and their role is to stop the bleeding of a blood vessel caused by an injury by the blood clotting process. Thus, having more or less than the safe range of the platelets can be a serious threat to a person&#8217;s life.<\/p>\n<p>Immune Thrombocytopenia, or in short ITP, is a common bleeding disorder that is caused mainly by the production of autoantibodies by the immune system. These autoantibodies attack the platelets, resulting in lowering their number in the body less than the safe range which is 150,000 to 400,000 per microliter of blood. ITP affects adults and children equally, but with different types. Adults are at risk of getting the chronic type of ITP, while children tend to develop the acute ITP, especially if they recently got a viral infection. Some observable signs and symptoms can reveal the presence of ITP, such as, bruising, nosebleed or bleeding in the mouth or the skin, and abnormally heavy\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/nlm.nih.gov\/medlineplus\/menstruation.html\">menstruation<\/a>. The purpose of the present study is to detect the ITP cases around Iraq for the year 2017, also to find out the causes that may develop or lead to ITP<\/p>\n<p>The data that were collected from forty-one samples, have shown that adults are more susceptible to the disease, since they were the majority (63%), than younger children who were only (37%) of the overall number of samples. For the sexes, ITP in women is more prevalent (59%) than males (41%), due to having a monthly bleeding, menstrual cycle, that decreases the number of platelets in the body. The data were collected from seven different places (provinces) around Iraq. However, (73%) of the samples were from Erbil city. Due to the availability of the healthcare required for the disease. Also the large numbers of refuges found in Erbil city, made the percentage higher than the rest of the provinces. There is a call to work on this research with a larger number of samples for better understanding of ITP in this country.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Keywords:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>(<\/strong>Thrombocytes, Blood clotting, Immune Thrombocytopenia, Autoantibodies, Chronic ITP, Acute ITP<strong>).<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-panel panel-default panel-7ab9f8cc65f159a59 fusion-toggle-no-divider fusion-toggle-boxed-mode\"><div class=\"panel-heading\"><h4 class=\"panel-title toggle\" id=\"toggle_7ab9f8cc65f159a59\"><a aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"7ab9f8cc65f159a59\" role=\"button\" data-toggle=\"collapse\" data-parent=\"#accordion-474-1\" data-target=\"#7ab9f8cc65f159a59\" href=\"#7ab9f8cc65f159a59\"><span class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i class=\"fa-fusion-box active-icon awb-icon-minus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><i class=\"fa-fusion-box inactive-icon awb-icon-plus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fusion-toggle-heading\">Survey for INTESTINAL PRTOZOA INFECTIONs among children in Sulaymania city<\/span><\/a><\/h4><\/div><div id=\"7ab9f8cc65f159a59\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse \" aria-labelledby=\"toggle_7ab9f8cc65f159a59\"><div class=\"panel-body toggle-content fusion-clearfix\">\n<p>By: Ashty omer muhammmad<\/p>\n<p>Supervisor: Dr.samir jawdat<\/p>\n<p><strong>Abstract<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The present intestinal protozoa infection study, investigated the prevalence of intestinal protozoans, among 25310 patients, examined during the period from January to December 2017. The investigation carried on many laboratories in hospitals and health centers distributed among localities in sulaimanya city. Out of 25310<\/p>\n<p>patients examined, 2790 (11.02%), of which were infected with the intestinal parasite, approximately 139.5 patients per 100,000 person. More than four species of intestinal protozoa were recorded in this study, and these identified as follow as: <em>Entamoeba<\/em> <em>histolytica <\/em>61.2%, <em>Giardia lamblia <\/em>26.6%,<em>Blastocystis hominis<\/em> 6.81% , <em>Entamoeba coli <\/em>4.38% and others 0.97%. According to the sex of patient\u2019s involvement, we found that males (64.32%) significantly were highly infected than females (35.67%), and about infection of age groups we found that the age groups (1-10 years) and (11-20years) were highly infected than others which were (30.0%) and (30.4%) respectively. The present study indicated that the rate of patients infected in month of June (13.9%) were higher than other months and the lower rate were in months of January and February 8.3% and 9.5% respectively.<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>Key words:<\/em><\/strong><em> Prevalence ,Sulaimanya city ,risck factor and intestinal protozoa infection<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-panel panel-default panel-80ec9430afe51db66 fusion-toggle-no-divider fusion-toggle-boxed-mode\"><div class=\"panel-heading\"><h4 class=\"panel-title toggle\" id=\"toggle_80ec9430afe51db66\"><a aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"80ec9430afe51db66\" role=\"button\" data-toggle=\"collapse\" data-parent=\"#accordion-474-1\" data-target=\"#80ec9430afe51db66\" href=\"#80ec9430afe51db66\"><span class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i class=\"fa-fusion-box active-icon awb-icon-minus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><i class=\"fa-fusion-box inactive-icon awb-icon-plus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fusion-toggle-heading\">Some abundant intestinal parasitic infections among children, life cycles, pathogenesis, treatment and control and immunologic reactions of the body<\/span><\/a><\/h4><\/div><div id=\"80ec9430afe51db66\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse \" aria-labelledby=\"toggle_80ec9430afe51db66\"><div class=\"panel-body toggle-content fusion-clearfix\">\n<p>By: Ishik Ejrin<\/p>\n<p>Supervisor: Dr.samir jawdat<\/p>\n<p><strong>ABSTRACT<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Intestinal parasites are one of common organism causes diseases among children in the world. Intestinal parasitic infection is one of the most common types of infection in children. A parasite is an organisms that consists single cell, parasite cannot live alone due to live with anther organisms such as human and animals and cause to them some diseases. The best methods to diagnosis parasites are stool and blood tests and also used molecular technic as PCR. Medications used to treat diseases differ depending on the type of infection. Doctors may use antibiotics or antifungal drugs. In most cases, patients can stay at home and maintain a normal schedule. Children should stay out of day care until they are adequately treated and cannot spread the infection. During recovery, patients are advised to drink plenty of fluids to avoid dehydration. Drought is a condition in which the body is depleted of water, usually due to excessive and non-causing of body fluids, such as sweating, vomiting or diarrhea.The results suggest to study to discover new drugs or medicine to treat intestinal parasite infections.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Keywords: (<\/strong>Intestinal; Protozoa; Infection; Pathogenesis; Immunologic reaction).<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-panel panel-default panel-a5f4bb40cc9145ab1 fusion-toggle-no-divider fusion-toggle-boxed-mode\"><div class=\"panel-heading\"><h4 class=\"panel-title toggle\" id=\"toggle_a5f4bb40cc9145ab1\"><a aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"a5f4bb40cc9145ab1\" role=\"button\" data-toggle=\"collapse\" data-parent=\"#accordion-474-1\" data-target=\"#a5f4bb40cc9145ab1\" href=\"#a5f4bb40cc9145ab1\"><span class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i class=\"fa-fusion-box active-icon awb-icon-minus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><i class=\"fa-fusion-box inactive-icon awb-icon-plus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fusion-toggle-heading\">Survey for kidney transplantation in Erbil and some factors related to it<\/span><\/a><\/h4><\/div><div id=\"a5f4bb40cc9145ab1\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse \" aria-labelledby=\"toggle_a5f4bb40cc9145ab1\"><div class=\"panel-body toggle-content fusion-clearfix\">\n<p><em>By: Sumaya Ismail<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>Supervisor: Dr. Samir J. Bilal<\/em><\/p>\n<p><strong>Abstract<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Kidney transplantation is the treatments which the patients used when they reach to the end-stage of disease, and kidney transplantation is improve the quality of life by getting kidney from the donor. Most of the donors in Kurdistan are Arabs, one of the causes of death in kidney transplant recipient is malignancy and cancer is one of the other risks of death at the end -stage of renal kidney transplant. There is immunosuppressive drug for recipient\u2019s patient after kidney transplantation. The aim of our study here is to define the rate of kidney problem among people in Kurdistan region generally and Erbil governor especially to know the reasons behind the high rate of male more than female to do kidney transplantation. In Kurdistan region kidney transplantation is mostly depends on LR donor. We used date from 40 patients from Kurdistan region from Jmhuri Hospital and we did an interview with patients after kidney transplantation who they did from different years , starts from 2005 till 2018, we found out that most of the kidney\u2019s patients recipients are male(65%) and the rest of them were female, the highest age of our study were between( 19-39) after than the elder one above 40 to 60, O blood group was recorded the highest amount among patients\u00a0 which have a bad effect on patients during surgery because they can donate to all other groups but\u00a0 they can\u2019t receive blood, most of the kidney transplantation was done at 2013_2015 but the proportion were decreased in 2017_2018 because of the economic issue. The elder patients have more chance to do a success kidney transplant because of their immunity more than younger. So the rejection is happen more in younger people. Environment has a position in this issue especially inside the big cities because of the unclean substances.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Key words<\/strong>: Age; Gender; (ESRD); Recipient; Blood group O; LRD; LURD<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-panel panel-default panel-f270ec0339f244ee0 fusion-toggle-no-divider fusion-toggle-boxed-mode\"><div class=\"panel-heading\"><h4 class=\"panel-title toggle\" id=\"toggle_f270ec0339f244ee0\"><a aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"f270ec0339f244ee0\" role=\"button\" data-toggle=\"collapse\" data-parent=\"#accordion-474-1\" data-target=\"#f270ec0339f244ee0\" href=\"#f270ec0339f244ee0\"><span class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i class=\"fa-fusion-box active-icon awb-icon-minus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><i class=\"fa-fusion-box inactive-icon awb-icon-plus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fusion-toggle-heading\">Potential Treatment of Multiple sclerosis by stem cell therapy <\/span><\/a><\/h4><\/div><div id=\"f270ec0339f244ee0\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse \" aria-labelledby=\"toggle_f270ec0339f244ee0\"><div class=\"panel-body toggle-content fusion-clearfix\">\n<p>By: Hemn Hussen Naby<\/p>\n<p>Supervisor: Dr. Ibrahim Yaseen<\/p>\n<p><strong>ABSTRACT<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong>Multiple sclerosis (MS) is one of the human neuronal diseases that can affect the nervous system, including the brain and the spinal cord, in form of the myelin sheath deficiency. Although recent treatments for MS reduce inflammation efficiently, these treatments fail to repair the damaged central nervous system (CNS). Cellular treatments, such as stem cell therapy, may provide a new solution for strengthening and regeneration the affected myelin layer through remyelination. The purpose of this research is to review the recent advancement in the MS \u2013 stem cell therapy and shed the light on the current clinical MS cases that undergoing stem cell therapy in Erbil. Data collection have been conducted through the observation of the treatment processes and record the clinical manifestations and biochemical measurements of the patients. This approach of treatment might provide a novel strategy of MS therapy in the future.<\/p>\n<p><strong><br \/>\nKeywords: multiple sclerosis, MS therapies, mesenchymal stem cell<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-panel panel-default panel-adff5d15069261552 fusion-toggle-no-divider fusion-toggle-boxed-mode\"><div class=\"panel-heading\"><h4 class=\"panel-title toggle\" id=\"toggle_adff5d15069261552\"><a aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"adff5d15069261552\" role=\"button\" data-toggle=\"collapse\" data-parent=\"#accordion-474-1\" data-target=\"#adff5d15069261552\" href=\"#adff5d15069261552\"><span class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i class=\"fa-fusion-box active-icon awb-icon-minus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><i class=\"fa-fusion-box inactive-icon awb-icon-plus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fusion-toggle-heading\">Stem cell therapy in Alzheimer disease<\/span><\/a><\/h4><\/div><div id=\"adff5d15069261552\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse \" aria-labelledby=\"toggle_adff5d15069261552\"><div class=\"panel-body toggle-content fusion-clearfix\">\n<p>By: Shamal Taib Asad<\/p>\n<p>Supervisor: Dr. Ibrahim Yaseen<\/p>\n<p><strong>Abstract:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Alzheimer\u2019s disease (AD) is the most common type of the dementia illness. The estimations showed that 47 million people in 2015 have dementia, whilst this number would be increased to 130 million by 2050. Stem cells are types of progenitor cells that produced during the advanced steps of the zygote and embryo development to be differentiated into specialised cells. These cells also produced in some adult organs including the bone merrow. Recent clinical studies showed the high potency of these cells to replace the damaged cells in an organ or tissue and provide a stimulating microenvironment to which leads to novel treatment strategy. In this project, we will critically review the recent work carried on stem cells therapy in AD. Data will also include some local information from AD patients undergoing stem cells treatment in Erbil. This technology of treatment would raise a better lifestyle for those who are suffering from the dementia and specifically AD.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Keywords<\/strong>: Alzheimer\u2019s disease, stem cells, dementia.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-panel panel-default panel-e777cdfbd5fc860ef fusion-toggle-no-divider fusion-toggle-boxed-mode\"><div class=\"panel-heading\"><h4 class=\"panel-title toggle\" id=\"toggle_e777cdfbd5fc860ef\"><a aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"e777cdfbd5fc860ef\" role=\"button\" data-toggle=\"collapse\" data-parent=\"#accordion-474-1\" data-target=\"#e777cdfbd5fc860ef\" href=\"#e777cdfbd5fc860ef\"><span class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i class=\"fa-fusion-box active-icon awb-icon-minus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><i class=\"fa-fusion-box inactive-icon awb-icon-plus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fusion-toggle-heading\">Novel treatment of Diabetes using stem cells<\/span><\/a><\/h4><\/div><div id=\"e777cdfbd5fc860ef\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse \" aria-labelledby=\"toggle_e777cdfbd5fc860ef\"><div class=\"panel-body toggle-content fusion-clearfix\">\n<p>By: Shams Thamer<\/p>\n<p>Supervisor: Dr.Ibrahim Yaseen<\/p>\n<p><strong>Abstract<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<p>Diabetes is a highly frequent disease and is estimated that 5 million people in the UK by 2025 will have this illness. The sugar metabolism that controlled by the insulin hormone in the diabetic patients is affected by either genetic factors or physiological conditions, which address the two types diabetes I &amp; II. Although several methods of treatments have been developed, the complete treatment of the disease still challenging. Stem cells are produced in the embryo during the different development stages and in adults in certain organs. Due to their ability to differentiate into several specialized cells, stem cells addressed a promised approach in the regenerative medicine. In this research, we will review the current development in stem cells recruitment in the diabetes therapy and assess the advancement in the local patients whose treatment has been processed in Erbil\u2019s hospitals. Curing diabetic patients with stem cells may introduce a significant progress in the disease treatment.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Keyword: Stem Cells, Diabetes, cellular therapy<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nav fusion-mobile-tab-nav\"><ul class=\"nav-tabs nav-justified\" role=\"tablist\"><li role=\"presentation\"><a class=\"tab-link\" data-toggle=\"tab\" role=\"tab\" aria-controls=\"tab-8a7c22c0bc802827e5b\" aria-selected=\"false\" tabindex=\"-1\" id=\"mobile-fusion-tab-2018-2019\" href=\"#tab-8a7c22c0bc802827e5b\"><h4 class=\"fusion-tab-heading\">2018-2019<\/h4><\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div class=\"tab-pane fade fusion-clearfix\" role=\"tabpanel\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-labelledby=\"fusion-tab-2018-2019\" id=\"tab-8a7c22c0bc802827e5b\">\n<div class=\"accordian fusion-accordian\" style=\"--awb-border-size:0px;--awb-icon-size:25px;--awb-content-font-size:15px;--awb-icon-alignment:left;--awb-hover-color:#ffffff;--awb-border-color:#e7e4e2;--awb-background-color:#ffffff;--awb-divider-color:#e7e4e2;--awb-divider-hover-color:#e7e4e2;--awb-icon-color:#f09a3e;--awb-title-color:#ef9a3d;--awb-content-color:#7e8890;--awb-icon-box-color:#333333;--awb-toggle-hover-accent-color:#f09a3e;--awb-title-font-family:&quot;Open Sans&quot;;--awb-title-font-weight:700;--awb-title-font-style:normal;--awb-title-font-size:15px;--awb-content-font-family:&quot;Open Sans&quot;;--awb-content-font-style:normal;--awb-content-font-weight:400;\"><div class=\"panel-group fusion-toggle-icon-unboxed\" id=\"accordion-474-2\"><div class=\"fusion-panel panel-default panel-d442afeb0d4efeef0 fusion-toggle-no-divider fusion-toggle-boxed-mode\"><div class=\"panel-heading\"><h4 class=\"panel-title toggle\" id=\"toggle_d442afeb0d4efeef0\"><a aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"d442afeb0d4efeef0\" role=\"button\" data-toggle=\"collapse\" data-parent=\"#accordion-474-2\" data-target=\"#d442afeb0d4efeef0\" href=\"#d442afeb0d4efeef0\"><span class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i class=\"fa-fusion-box active-icon awb-icon-minus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><i class=\"fa-fusion-box inactive-icon awb-icon-plus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fusion-toggle-heading\">The Role of rs1126616 Gene Polymorphism of Osteopontin in kidney stone formation<\/span><\/a><\/h4><\/div><div id=\"d442afeb0d4efeef0\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse \" aria-labelledby=\"toggle_d442afeb0d4efeef0\"><div class=\"panel-body toggle-content fusion-clearfix\">\n<p>By: Adil Abdulaamid Najeeb<\/p>\n<p>Supervised by: Dr. Rozhgar A. Khailany<\/p>\n<p><strong>Abstract<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong>Kidney stone is a complex disease resulting from environmental as well as hereditary factors and principally composes of approximately 75% calcium oxalate (CaOx) crystals, which are formed through a multi-step process. Osteopontin gene was recognized through isolating cDNA from cultured rat osteosarcoma cells in 1986 and located on human chromosome 4 (4q22.1). This gene encodes several non-collagenous bone and dentin proteins. In this study, 93 normal control samples and 92 kidney stonedisease samples that were grouped according to the types of kidney stone disease and clinical characteristics of patients, including gender and average age were observed with restriction fragment length polymorphism (RLFP) technique.58 patients and 43 controls displayed the \u201cC or G\u201d \/ \u201cC or G\u201d genotype, 48 patients and 34 controls displayed T \/ \u201cG or C\u201d genotype. Since there is no appropriate restriction enzyme to recognize the G or C nucleotide in that position, it could not be possible to discriminate the C-G nucleotides. Additionally no T\/T genotype was observed. The results were found statistically significant by chi-square test (p &lt; 0.05). The results were statistically significant by chi-square test (p &lt;0.05). In conclusion, the polymorphism analysis revealed that the OPN gene can be a risk factor for kidney stone development and recommends that genetic variations in the OPN gene alter individual susceptibility to kidney stone.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Keywords:<\/strong> Kidney stone, osteopontin, polymorphism, PCR-RLFP<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-panel panel-default panel-d9a5da9e38ea680f8 fusion-toggle-no-divider fusion-toggle-boxed-mode\"><div class=\"panel-heading\"><h4 class=\"panel-title toggle\" id=\"toggle_d9a5da9e38ea680f8\"><a aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"d9a5da9e38ea680f8\" role=\"button\" data-toggle=\"collapse\" data-parent=\"#accordion-474-2\" data-target=\"#d9a5da9e38ea680f8\" href=\"#d9a5da9e38ea680f8\"><span class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i class=\"fa-fusion-box active-icon awb-icon-minus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><i class=\"fa-fusion-box inactive-icon awb-icon-plus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fusion-toggle-heading\">RESISTANCE CHANGEs OF E. COLI TO some of THE PENCILLIN antibiotics IN ERBIL CITY IN 2018<\/span><\/a><\/h4><\/div><div id=\"d9a5da9e38ea680f8\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse \" aria-labelledby=\"toggle_d9a5da9e38ea680f8\"><div class=\"panel-body toggle-content fusion-clearfix\">\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>By: Adil Hussain Aziz<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Supervised by: Dr. Aydin Col<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Abstract <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>An antimicrobial is an agent that slaughters or restrains the development of microorganisms. The microbial agent may be a chemical compounds and physical operators. These operators meddled with the development and generation of causative life forms like microscopic organisms, parasites, infection etc. Antimicrobial Drugs are sedate utilized to treat a microbial contamination. Antimicrobial drugs can be gathered agreeing to the microorganisms they act fundamentally against. Cases anti-microbial s, antifungals, antiprotozoal, and antiviral drugs. For breading <em>E. coli<\/em>, plastic petri dishes with a diameter of 0.25 inches of antibiotics, Blood agar, MacConkey agar and chocolate agar were used. . For the identifying of microscopic organisms there are four biochemical tests that are:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>(SIM TEST)<\/li>\n<li>(Urease test) which is identifying the display of Urease proteins<\/li>\n<li>(Triple Sugar tests) utilized for testing the sugar fermentation.<\/li>\n<li>(Semi citrate test)<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>In this research 60 samples were collected the <em>E. coli<\/em> was 4.4% Resistance to the Tazobactam and it was 93.8% resistance to Ampicillin and 93.2% resistance to Amoxillin.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-panel panel-default panel-2011eaca6c16c8c99 fusion-toggle-no-divider fusion-toggle-boxed-mode\"><div class=\"panel-heading\"><h4 class=\"panel-title toggle\" id=\"toggle_2011eaca6c16c8c99\"><a aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"2011eaca6c16c8c99\" role=\"button\" data-toggle=\"collapse\" data-parent=\"#accordion-474-2\" data-target=\"#2011eaca6c16c8c99\" href=\"#2011eaca6c16c8c99\"><span class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i class=\"fa-fusion-box active-icon awb-icon-minus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><i class=\"fa-fusion-box inactive-icon awb-icon-plus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fusion-toggle-heading\">PARASITIC FAUNA OF CAT FISHES Silurus triostegus FROM BAHDINAN RIVER \u2013 KURDISTAN REGION \u2013 IRAQ<\/span><\/a><\/h4><\/div><div id=\"2011eaca6c16c8c99\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse \" aria-labelledby=\"toggle_2011eaca6c16c8c99\"><div class=\"panel-body toggle-content fusion-clearfix\">\n<p>By: Ahmad Hoshyar<\/p>\n<p>Supervised by: Asst. Prof. Dr. Samir J. Bilal<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Summary<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>A total of 9 specimens of <em>Silurus triostegus, <\/em>and the research showeded presence of four parasite species containing two protozoa species, namely: <em>Myxobolus pfeifferi<\/em> and <em>Trichodina ranae<\/em>, one species of digenetic trematodes <em>Diplostomum spathacceum<\/em>, one cestode species<em> Botheriocephalus acheilognathi<\/em> and one nematode species <em>Procamallanus viviparous.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>The fishes were examined for exo and endo parasites as soon as possible in life and others are deep frozen in the laboratory and examined in 48 hours after catching.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-panel panel-default panel-743a388ee220f08b0 fusion-toggle-no-divider fusion-toggle-boxed-mode\"><div class=\"panel-heading\"><h4 class=\"panel-title toggle\" id=\"toggle_743a388ee220f08b0\"><a aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"743a388ee220f08b0\" role=\"button\" data-toggle=\"collapse\" data-parent=\"#accordion-474-2\" data-target=\"#743a388ee220f08b0\" href=\"#743a388ee220f08b0\"><span class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i class=\"fa-fusion-box active-icon awb-icon-minus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><i class=\"fa-fusion-box inactive-icon awb-icon-plus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fusion-toggle-heading\">Barber Shaving and Blood-Borne Disease Transmission in Erbil City<\/span><\/a><\/h4><\/div><div id=\"743a388ee220f08b0\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse \" aria-labelledby=\"toggle_743a388ee220f08b0\"><div class=\"panel-body toggle-content fusion-clearfix\">\n<p>By: Azmer Abdulqadir Ahmad<\/p>\n<p>Supervisor: Dr. Sundus Sultan<\/p>\n<h1><strong>ABSTRACT<\/strong><\/h1>\n<p>Infectious Diseases can be transmitted through direct and indirect contact. There are many diseases which can be transmitted in barbershop between people through the Barbershop supplies. Theses infectious diseases can be bacterial, fungal, or viral which cause serious diseases such as impetigo, lice, itch and HIV.\u00a0 There are many Barbershops with various hair cut styles in Erbil, the capital city of Kurdistan. Some of the shops were clean but expensive while others were cheap but careless about cleanness. Many samples were collected from various places in Erbil barbershops in order to indicate how infectious diseases can be transmitted through barbershop equipment\u2019s. First of all, they were sub cultured in natural agar, after incubating them in the incubator the clean and fungal samples were isolated, but those samples which bacteria have grown on the agar were selected and sub cultured in MacConkey agar and nutrient agar. After getting the results, gram stain was done for those samples to know the ratio of the gram positive and gram negative. It was surveyed and questioned among university students about cleanness and caress of barbers and customers in the barbershops. In conclusion, many diseases including life threatening ones such as HIV that can be transmitted easily to people through barbershop supplies which can cause death or some other diseases such as impetigo, itch and lice. The barbers and customers must be more careful about the dangers of the infectious diseases which can be transmitted easily through the barbershop supplies and cause fatal diseases.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-panel panel-default panel-ce2ab9c6db649db38 fusion-toggle-no-divider fusion-toggle-boxed-mode\"><div class=\"panel-heading\"><h4 class=\"panel-title toggle\" id=\"toggle_ce2ab9c6db649db38\"><a aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"ce2ab9c6db649db38\" role=\"button\" data-toggle=\"collapse\" data-parent=\"#accordion-474-2\" data-target=\"#ce2ab9c6db649db38\" href=\"#ce2ab9c6db649db38\"><span class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i class=\"fa-fusion-box active-icon awb-icon-minus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><i class=\"fa-fusion-box inactive-icon awb-icon-plus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fusion-toggle-heading\">ALLELOPATHIC POTENTIAL OF MENTHA(MINT) ON SEED GERMINATION AND SEEDLING GROWTH OF SOME PLANT SPECIES<\/span><\/a><\/h4><\/div><div id=\"ce2ab9c6db649db38\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse \" aria-labelledby=\"toggle_ce2ab9c6db649db38\"><div class=\"panel-body toggle-content fusion-clearfix\">\n<p>By: bzhar mala jalal<\/p>\n<p>Supervised by: Dr.Saber wasman<\/p>\n<p><strong>Abstract<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The utilize of chemical herbicides to reduce weed growth possess risks to environment, health, contamination of water, possess risk to microorganisms. Thus, it is imperative that research into more eco-friendly alternatives is examined. In addition, there are more than 470 biotypes of weeds that provide issues and are resistant to synthetic herbicides.<\/p>\n<p>Peppermint is commonly the most wide spread used plant. This herb regularly develops around 24 inches tall or more, and comprises of purplish, square stems and elliptical purplish leaves with pointed tips, unmistakable veins, and toothed edges. It is therefore, peppermint is used to examine its extracts in weed management throughout its application to seed germination and seedling growth of some crop and seed species.<\/p>\n<p>This experiment was conducted using petri dishes to evaluate effects of peppermint aqueous shoot and root extracts on seed germination and early growth of <em>Horduem vulgare<\/em>,\u00a0<em>Triticum aestivum<\/em>, <em>Cephalaria\u00a0syriaca<\/em>,\u00a0<em>Zea mays.<\/em> Extracts were prepared from dried shoots and roots of peppermint sampled at the maturity stage. The highest concentration (9%) of aqueous shoot extracts caused a significantly higher reduction in seed germination and seedling growth. However, low concentration (3%) had least effect. On the other hand, root extract had a less negative impact on seed germination and seedling growth than shoot extracts.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-panel panel-default panel-263b53368eb3acf35 fusion-toggle-no-divider fusion-toggle-boxed-mode\"><div class=\"panel-heading\"><h4 class=\"panel-title toggle\" id=\"toggle_263b53368eb3acf35\"><a aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"263b53368eb3acf35\" role=\"button\" data-toggle=\"collapse\" data-parent=\"#accordion-474-2\" data-target=\"#263b53368eb3acf35\" href=\"#263b53368eb3acf35\"><span class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i class=\"fa-fusion-box active-icon awb-icon-minus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><i class=\"fa-fusion-box inactive-icon awb-icon-plus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fusion-toggle-heading\">ALLOPATHY POTENTIALl OF MENTHA ON SEED GERMINATION AND SEEDLING GROWTH OF SOME PLANT SPECIES THESES SUBBMITTED FOR THE GEGREE OF B.A CERTIFICATE<\/span><\/a><\/h4><\/div><div id=\"263b53368eb3acf35\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse \" aria-labelledby=\"toggle_263b53368eb3acf35\"><div class=\"panel-body toggle-content fusion-clearfix\">\n<p><strong>By: Halmat Asaad Hasan<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Supervised by: Dr. Sabir Wasman Hamad\u00a0\u00a0 <\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-panel panel-default panel-a049b5dd55b7aa574 fusion-toggle-no-divider fusion-toggle-boxed-mode\"><div class=\"panel-heading\"><h4 class=\"panel-title toggle\" id=\"toggle_a049b5dd55b7aa574\"><a aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"a049b5dd55b7aa574\" role=\"button\" data-toggle=\"collapse\" data-parent=\"#accordion-474-2\" data-target=\"#a049b5dd55b7aa574\" href=\"#a049b5dd55b7aa574\"><span class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i class=\"fa-fusion-box active-icon awb-icon-minus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><i class=\"fa-fusion-box inactive-icon awb-icon-plus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fusion-toggle-heading\">The Epidemic and Health Risks of Vitamin-D Deficiency in Erbil<\/span><\/a><\/h4><\/div><div id=\"a049b5dd55b7aa574\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse \" aria-labelledby=\"toggle_a049b5dd55b7aa574\"><div class=\"panel-body toggle-content fusion-clearfix\">\n<p>By: Hannah Kemal Surji<\/p>\n<p>Supervised by: Dr. Sundes Sultan<\/p>\n<h1><a name=\"_Toc11074048\"><\/a><a name=\"_Toc488582379\"><\/a>ABSTRACT<\/h1>\n<p>Vitamin D, the sunshine vitamin, is any of the various vitamins that are fat soluble, chemically related to steroids, and naturally found in very few food products. In the skin, it is produced endogenously through the exposure of sunlight (ultraviolet rays), which triggers vitamin D synthesis. Vitamin D deficiency can cause major health risks as it is linked to diabetes, cardiovascular disease, hypertension, rickets, and osteoporosis. The aims of this study are: 1- to determine the vitamin D levels of individuals (n=275) from different genders and age who were examined in various laboratories and hospitals in Erbil. 2- To evaluate the relation between gender and age with vitamin D deficiency. 3- To determine if vitamin D deficiency is becoming an epidemic in Erbil. 4- To evaluate the major risk factors of this nutritional deficiency. In this project, vitamin D test results were collected from five different laboratories and hospitals in Erbil city, Iraq. A total of 275 samples were collected, including 166 females and 109 males in different ages ranged from 19 years or younger to 60 years or older. The results were divided based on demographic information, including age and gender. The population was further categorized according to the vitamin D levels which consisted of deficient (0 \u2013 20 ng\/mL), insufficient (21 \u2013 29 ng\/mL) and sufficient (30 \u2013 100 ng\/mL). The results have shown that 86% of the female group was below the optimal vitamin D levels, while 82% of the males showed low levels. The results showed that there was no effect of gender and age on vitamin D levels. There was a high percentage of vitamin D deficiency in males and females in Erbil city; therefore, this research suggests that long-term vitamin D supplementation, adequate exposure to sunlight, and a balanced diet rich with enough dosage of vitamin D reduces the risk of multiple health issues.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Keywords: <\/strong>Epidemic, Vitamin D, Deficiency, Health Risks, Erbil<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-panel panel-default panel-ffd1c5720d825cadf fusion-toggle-no-divider fusion-toggle-boxed-mode\"><div class=\"panel-heading\"><h4 class=\"panel-title toggle\" id=\"toggle_ffd1c5720d825cadf\"><a aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"ffd1c5720d825cadf\" role=\"button\" data-toggle=\"collapse\" data-parent=\"#accordion-474-2\" data-target=\"#ffd1c5720d825cadf\" href=\"#ffd1c5720d825cadf\"><span class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i class=\"fa-fusion-box active-icon awb-icon-minus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><i class=\"fa-fusion-box inactive-icon awb-icon-plus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fusion-toggle-heading\">Parasitic fauna of the spiny eel fish Mastacembelus mastacembelus from AskiKalak in Aski-Kalak District\/ Erbil<\/span><\/a><\/h4><\/div><div id=\"ffd1c5720d825cadf\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse \" aria-labelledby=\"toggle_ffd1c5720d825cadf\"><div class=\"panel-body toggle-content fusion-clearfix\">\n<p>Prepared by: Ismael Maruf Saeed<\/p>\n<p>Supervised by: Asst. Prof. Doctor Samir Jaudat Bilal<\/p>\n<p><strong>Abstract<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>A total of 17 samples of <em>Mastacembelus mastacembelus<\/em> were collected from Greater Zab river near the Erbil city, Kurdistan region, north of Iraq, during February to the end of April 2019.In the laboratory, the fish was identified and then fishes have been opened from the abdominal site and the gastrointestinal tract was removed out and examined carefully for <em>cestodes<\/em>. Live <em>cestodes<\/em> were recovered from the intestine of the infected fish and examined by compound light microscope and scanning microscope, also histological sections were prepared for some samples. The study showed a number of differential characters of <em>Senga mastacebeli<\/em> which not revealed during the first description by also during the ultra-structural study it. The study improved that the species S. <em>Mastacembeli<\/em> is valid species name, also the type host of it M. <em>Simach<\/em> is regarded as a synonym to M. <em>mastacembeli<\/em> and the last is regarded as a type host for this <em>cestode<\/em>. And in this research dissection and inspection of samples showed presence of the cestod <em>Sengamastacembeli<\/em> prevalence (11.76 %) and mean intensity 0.17 respectively.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Key words<\/strong>: <em>Mastacembelusmastacembelus<\/em>, parasites,Aski-Kalak, Erbil. Endo-parasites.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-panel panel-default panel-5773acebeb32947d9 fusion-toggle-no-divider fusion-toggle-boxed-mode\"><div class=\"panel-heading\"><h4 class=\"panel-title toggle\" id=\"toggle_5773acebeb32947d9\"><a aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"5773acebeb32947d9\" role=\"button\" data-toggle=\"collapse\" data-parent=\"#accordion-474-2\" data-target=\"#5773acebeb32947d9\" href=\"#5773acebeb32947d9\"><span class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i class=\"fa-fusion-box active-icon awb-icon-minus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><i class=\"fa-fusion-box inactive-icon awb-icon-plus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fusion-toggle-heading\">Bioherbicidal properties of terebinth (Pistacia palaestina) on seed germination and seedling growth of some crop and weed species.<\/span><\/a><\/h4><\/div><div id=\"5773acebeb32947d9\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse \" aria-labelledby=\"toggle_5773acebeb32947d9\"><div class=\"panel-body toggle-content fusion-clearfix\">\n<p>By: Jihad baxtiar karim<\/p>\n<p>Supervised by: Dr.Saber wasman<\/p>\n<h1>Abstract<\/h1>\n<p>The aim of this research was to use of chemic weed killer to frustration the hazard to our domain like, H2O, contamination. Foods, Healthy, it is therefore imperative that research into more ecofriendly alternatives is conducted. Furthermore, approximately about 500 biotypes of weeds that are resistant to chemical herbicides. Terebinth (<em>Pistacia terebinthus<\/em>\u00a0L.) is a member of Anacardiaceous family and it is a fruit of turpentine tree which is one type of the 20\u00a0<em>Pistacia<\/em>\u00a0species. Turpentine tree is localized especially in the shrubs and is found to grow in pine forests or on hillsides. It grows widely in the southern and western regions of Kurdistan and Mediterranean countries. It produces powerful allelochemical compounds that have been shown to affect some crops and weeds. My study was conducted to investigate bioherbicidal properties of terebinth on germination and growth of some crop and weed species. The study consisted of five experiments.<\/p>\n<p>My experiment work with using Petri dishes to evaluate effects of terebinth aqueous shoot extracts on seed germination and early growth of <em>Horduem vulgare<\/em>,\u00a0<em>Triticum aestivum<\/em>, <em>Cephalaria\u00a0syriaca<\/em>,\u00a0<em>and Helianthus annuus s.<\/em> Extracts were prepared from dried shoots of terebinth sampled at the exact maturity stage. The highest concentration is (9%) of aqueous shoot extracts caused a significantly higher reduction in seed germination and seedling growth. However, low concentration (3%) had least effect. On the other hand, root extract had a less negative impact our experiment,<\/p>\n<p>In the result and conclusion, we inference that terebinth shoot extract plants has a great significantly influence of seed development and seedling growth than other extracts we saw. Although, the application of total phenolic compounds causes significantly more reduction in seed growing and make it earlier. Approximately about one month work with terebinth ground shoot has a greater effect on most parameters measured than aqueous of terebinth shoot extract in experiments, the effects of terebinth one month ground shoot, total phenolic compounds and trifluralin in Petridis experiments indicated that trifluralin have the unique event on seed growing and seedling growth while total phenolic compounds have least effect on seed germination.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-panel panel-default panel-05551c0459918a173 fusion-toggle-no-divider fusion-toggle-boxed-mode\"><div class=\"panel-heading\"><h4 class=\"panel-title toggle\" id=\"toggle_05551c0459918a173\"><a aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"05551c0459918a173\" role=\"button\" data-toggle=\"collapse\" data-parent=\"#accordion-474-2\" data-target=\"#05551c0459918a173\" href=\"#05551c0459918a173\"><span class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i class=\"fa-fusion-box active-icon awb-icon-minus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><i class=\"fa-fusion-box inactive-icon awb-icon-plus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fusion-toggle-heading\">Incidence of Escherichia coli, Coliform, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa in Tap Water (Drinking Water) in Erbil city.<\/span><\/a><\/h4><\/div><div id=\"05551c0459918a173\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse \" aria-labelledby=\"toggle_05551c0459918a173\"><div class=\"panel-body toggle-content fusion-clearfix\">\n<p>By: Mutasim\u00a0 Hazim Wali<\/p>\n<p>Supervisor: Dr. Sundes Sultan<\/p>\n<p><strong>Abstract<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>In the presence study, Incidence of <em>Escherichia coli<\/em>, <em>Coliform,<\/em> and <em>Pseudomonas aeruginosa<\/em> in Tap Water (Drinking Water) in Erbil city of 10 different samples of Tap Water was analysed from March 2019 to May 2019. The majority of samples weren\u2019t contaminated with those bacteria, nine samples from ten weren&#8217;t contaminated that\u2019s mean 90% of them were not contaminated, while 10% were contaminated with <em>E. coli<\/em> and <em>Coliform<\/em>. In presence study<em>, Pseudomonas aeruginosa <\/em>wasn\u2019t present in any sample or any of water samples doesn\u2019t contaminate with <em>Pseudomonas aeruginosa <\/em>Bacteria. The presence of <em>E. coli, Coliform bacteria<\/em> in tap water (drinking water) is unsafe and unhealthy for drinking water.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-panel panel-default panel-42ad060bea5bfdded fusion-toggle-no-divider fusion-toggle-boxed-mode\"><div class=\"panel-heading\"><h4 class=\"panel-title toggle\" id=\"toggle_42ad060bea5bfdded\"><a aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"42ad060bea5bfdded\" role=\"button\" data-toggle=\"collapse\" data-parent=\"#accordion-474-2\" data-target=\"#42ad060bea5bfdded\" href=\"#42ad060bea5bfdded\"><span class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i class=\"fa-fusion-box active-icon awb-icon-minus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><i class=\"fa-fusion-box inactive-icon awb-icon-plus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fusion-toggle-heading\">RESISTANCE CHANGES OF E.COLI TO SOME OF FLOUROQUINOLONE IN ERBIL CITY IN 2018<\/span><\/a><\/h4><\/div><div id=\"42ad060bea5bfdded\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse \" aria-labelledby=\"toggle_42ad060bea5bfdded\"><div class=\"panel-body toggle-content fusion-clearfix\">\n<p>By: Nasih Ahmad Hamad<\/p>\n<p>Supervisor: Dr.Aydin Col<\/p>\n<p>ABSTRACT<\/p>\n<p><em>Escherichia coli <\/em>as well as known as <em>E.coli <\/em>is a rod-shaped, facultative anaerobic, Gram-negative coliform bacterium from the <em>Escherichia<\/em> genus which is generally found in the lower intestine of the (endotherms) warm-blooded organisms, also their cells can live outside the body for partial time. Most strains of <em>E.coli<\/em> are harmless, however some serotypes of them can led to serious poisoning of the food inside their hosts. For this research the data were taken from (Urine specimen, pyonephrosis drainage specimen, Pus evacuated from Renal pelvis specimen, Vaginal swap specimen, wound specimen, Aspiration specimen, sputum specimen ,\u00a0 Fluid specimen, PCN specimen, deep wound swap, Subcutaneous pus specimen, Direct microscope, abscess specimen transplanted kidney, Kidney specimen, leg ulcer specimen). For this research the data were taken from (Urine specimen, pyonephrosis drainage specimen, Pus evacuated from Renal pelvis specimen, Vaginal swap specimen, wound specimen, Aspiration specimen, sputum specimen ,\u00a0 Fluid specimen, PCN specimen, deep wound swap, Subcutaneous pus specimen, Direct microscope, abscess specimen transplanted kidney, Kidney specimen, leg ulcer specimen). The <em>E.coli<\/em> resistance rate to Ciprofloxacin has recorded in a high range in August 29% and had increased rapid in September and November and continuously in 50% in December , and the same record for the Levofloxacin.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-panel panel-default panel-01116004973b318dc fusion-toggle-no-divider fusion-toggle-boxed-mode\"><div class=\"panel-heading\"><h4 class=\"panel-title toggle\" id=\"toggle_01116004973b318dc\"><a aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"01116004973b318dc\" role=\"button\" data-toggle=\"collapse\" data-parent=\"#accordion-474-2\" data-target=\"#01116004973b318dc\" href=\"#01116004973b318dc\"><span class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i class=\"fa-fusion-box active-icon awb-icon-minus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><i class=\"fa-fusion-box inactive-icon awb-icon-plus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fusion-toggle-heading\">ALLELOPATHIC POTENTIAL OF RED CABBAGE ON SEED GERMINATION AND SEEDLING GROWTH OF SOME PLANT SPECIES<\/span><\/a><\/h4><\/div><div id=\"01116004973b318dc\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse \" aria-labelledby=\"toggle_01116004973b318dc\"><div class=\"panel-body toggle-content fusion-clearfix\">\n<p>By: Pshtiwan Mahmud Ibrahim<\/p>\n<p>Supervisor: Dr. Saber Wasman Hamad<\/p>\n<p><strong>Abstract<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The use of chemical herbicides to suppress weed growth possess risks to environment, health, water contamination, possess risk to microorganisms. Therefore, it is imperative that research into more eco-friendly alternatives is conducted. Furtheremore, there are more than 470 biotypes of weeds that are resistant to chemical herbicides.<\/p>\n<p>Peppermint is commonly the most wide spread used plant. This herb regularly develops around 24 inches tall or more, and comprises of purplish, square stems and elliptical purplish leaves with pointed tips, unmistakable veins, and toothed edges. It is therefore, peppermint is used to examine its extracts in weed management throughout its application to planting and seedling growth of some crop and seed species.<\/p>\n<p>This experiment was conducted utilizing petri dishes to evaluate effects of Red cabbage aqueous shoot extracts on seed germination and early growth <em>Horduem vulgare<\/em>,\u00a0<em>Triticum aestivum<\/em>, <em>Cephalaria\u00a0syriaca<\/em>,\u00a0and <em>Helianthus annuus.<\/em> Extracts were prepared from dried shoots sampled at the maturity stage. The results indicatd that the highest concentration (9%) of aqueous shoot extracts caused a significantly higher reduction in seed germination and seedling growth of most studied crop and weed species. However, low concentration (3%) had least effect.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-panel panel-default panel-9826cea53f7f5d455 fusion-toggle-no-divider fusion-toggle-boxed-mode\"><div class=\"panel-heading\"><h4 class=\"panel-title toggle\" id=\"toggle_9826cea53f7f5d455\"><a aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"9826cea53f7f5d455\" role=\"button\" data-toggle=\"collapse\" data-parent=\"#accordion-474-2\" data-target=\"#9826cea53f7f5d455\" href=\"#9826cea53f7f5d455\"><span class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i class=\"fa-fusion-box active-icon awb-icon-minus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><i class=\"fa-fusion-box inactive-icon awb-icon-plus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fusion-toggle-heading\">Bacteriological Quality of Bottled Water Brands in Erbil Iraq By Razan Majeed<\/span><\/a><\/h4><\/div><div id=\"9826cea53f7f5d455\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse \" aria-labelledby=\"toggle_9826cea53f7f5d455\"><div class=\"panel-body toggle-content fusion-clearfix\">\n<p><strong>By Razan Majeed<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Supervised by: Dr. Sundes Sultan<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Abstract<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Water is one of the most essential constituents of life and water quality is considered one of the vital concerns for humans because it is directly linked with their health safety. There are different types of source water such as; rivers, springs, wells and lakes and streams which are considered as source for drinking water. However, recently there are many question marks about the quality of drinking water, because it may be attributed to the growth of different microbes which recognized as pathogenic to humans. The microbiological quality and safety of drinking water is considered now as one of the important subject because it related to public health concerns. The aim of this studies were to examine and analyze the microbiological quality of different brand names of bottled water which collected from various stores in different locations in Erbil city, in order to; i. determine the incidence of <em>E. coli, Coliform<\/em>, and <em>Pseudomonas aeruginosa<\/em> in different brands of water in Erbil by using Most Probable Number (MPN) test; ii. Drinking water being supplied in Erbil city; iii. Assess the awareness strategies Check the quality of bottled among the people for maintaining the hygiene conditions for storage of drinking water to safe the community health in Erbil city. The results have been shown that there were two different types of bottled water (Life and Sky brands) contaminated with Coliform bacteria. Results of this study suggest that regular water testing is important approach to ensure the availability of contaminated-free bottled water. Simultaneously, awareness among the people and companies whose sale the water in Erbil for more hygienic conditions for storage and sanitize of bottled drinking water is needed to protect the community from using contaminated water.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Key Words: Drinking water, Bacteriological analysis, Most Probable Numbers, pathogens, E. coli, Coliform, <em>Pseudomonas aeruginosa<\/em>, Erbil<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-panel panel-default panel-7b8dd184df5bc2aa7 fusion-toggle-no-divider fusion-toggle-boxed-mode\"><div class=\"panel-heading\"><h4 class=\"panel-title toggle\" id=\"toggle_7b8dd184df5bc2aa7\"><a aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"7b8dd184df5bc2aa7\" role=\"button\" data-toggle=\"collapse\" data-parent=\"#accordion-474-2\" data-target=\"#7b8dd184df5bc2aa7\" href=\"#7b8dd184df5bc2aa7\"><span class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i class=\"fa-fusion-box active-icon awb-icon-minus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><i class=\"fa-fusion-box inactive-icon awb-icon-plus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fusion-toggle-heading\">DNA Sequencing Analysis: Identification of Tetracycline Resistance tet(O) Gene in Campylobacter jejuni in North of Iraq<\/span><\/a><\/h4><\/div><div id=\"7b8dd184df5bc2aa7\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse \" aria-labelledby=\"toggle_7b8dd184df5bc2aa7\"><div class=\"panel-body toggle-content fusion-clearfix\">\n<p>By Salar Jamal Ahmed<\/p>\n<p>Supervised by: Dr. Rozhgar A. Khailany<\/p>\n<p><strong>Abstract<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Foundation: Contamination with Campylobacter jejuni is a champion among the most generally perceived purposes behind gastroenteritis around the globe ; it happens more regularly than diseases influenced by Salmonella species, Shigella species or Escherichia coli O157: H7. In created nations, the rate of Campylobacter jejuni contaminations top during outset and again as early adulthood. The obstruction of Campylobacter spp. for certain anti-microbials, for example, chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin, antibiotic medication, nalidixic corrosive, kanamycin and erythromycin has been contemplated. Antibiotic medication opposition is frequently connected with the tet (O) gene, which is carried on transferable plasmids.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Objective: <\/strong>In Campylobacter, antibiotic medication obstruction is encoded by the tet (O) gene and is frequently connected with plasmids in conjugation. In northern Iraqi Campylobacter species, little was thought about antibiotic medication obstruction. Accordingly we researched this opposition in 40 human strains of Campylobacter jejuni.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Method: <\/strong>The identity of the tetracycline resistance tet (O) gene using genetic analyzer based on nucleotide sequencing.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Result: <\/strong>The results of the DNA sequencing revealed that the sequence of queries was 100% identical to the gene of tetO.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Conclusion:<\/strong> \u00a0These information demonstrate that the tet(O) gene, recently announced all through the world in Campylobacter strains, is available in Iraqi Campylobacter jejuni, which will prompt a more prominent comprehension of the conveyance of anti-microbial opposition in Campylobacter jejuni in Iraq.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Keywords:<\/strong>\u00a0Campylobacter jejuni,\u00a0Tetracycline\u00a0Resistance, DNA Sequencing.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-panel panel-default panel-943d6944f947df5aa fusion-toggle-no-divider fusion-toggle-boxed-mode\"><div class=\"panel-heading\"><h4 class=\"panel-title toggle\" id=\"toggle_943d6944f947df5aa\"><a aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"943d6944f947df5aa\" role=\"button\" data-toggle=\"collapse\" data-parent=\"#accordion-474-2\" data-target=\"#943d6944f947df5aa\" href=\"#943d6944f947df5aa\"><span class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i class=\"fa-fusion-box active-icon awb-icon-minus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><i class=\"fa-fusion-box inactive-icon awb-icon-plus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fusion-toggle-heading\">A. BAUMANNII RESISTANCE TO SELECTED ANTIBIOTICS IN ERBIL CITY, FOR 2018<\/span><\/a><\/h4><\/div><div id=\"943d6944f947df5aa\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse \" aria-labelledby=\"toggle_943d6944f947df5aa\"><div class=\"panel-body toggle-content fusion-clearfix\">\n<p>By: SAYFEDDIN SAAD<\/p>\n<p>Supervised by: Dr. Aydin col<\/p>\n<p>ABSTRACT<\/p>\n<p>Throughout the 19th and 20th century, Anti-bacterial agents and antibiotics discovery played a very critical role in advancing and evolving human therapeutics options, in particular the development of anti-biotics to battle against bacterial infections. However, this very euphoria did not go so far as it assumed to be like, due to evolving of some micro-organisms that are able to survive even though by the existence of the anti-biotic agents that commonly kill them. Utilizing anti-biotics is the most significant means to control various bacterial diseases; however, the effectiveness of these drugs is being compromised by the growing levels of resistance. The overuse of antibiotics evidently initiates the development of resistance and has become a worldwide public health threat, as well our city. The global public-health system is facing an actual problem due to the emergence of resistant micro-organisms Moreover, the growing occurrence of resistant and multi-resistant micro-organisms strains globally load a weighty burden on health-care systems and the general public as well. However, the city of Erbil is witnessing a very apparent presence of several types of bacteria that are highly resisting several types of anti-biotics, in which this forms a very huge concerns to public health.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-panel panel-default panel-70a3b3e9440451c8f fusion-toggle-no-divider fusion-toggle-boxed-mode\"><div class=\"panel-heading\"><h4 class=\"panel-title toggle\" id=\"toggle_70a3b3e9440451c8f\"><a aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"70a3b3e9440451c8f\" role=\"button\" data-toggle=\"collapse\" data-parent=\"#accordion-474-2\" data-target=\"#70a3b3e9440451c8f\" href=\"#70a3b3e9440451c8f\"><span class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i class=\"fa-fusion-box active-icon awb-icon-minus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><i class=\"fa-fusion-box inactive-icon awb-icon-plus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fusion-toggle-heading\">The Epidemic of Fungal in the Different Types of Nuts in Erbil<\/span><\/a><\/h4><\/div><div id=\"70a3b3e9440451c8f\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse \" aria-labelledby=\"toggle_70a3b3e9440451c8f\"><div class=\"panel-body toggle-content fusion-clearfix\">\n<p>By: Shivan Jumaa<\/p>\n<p>Supervised by: Dr. Sundes Sultan<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Abstract<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<p>In this study some of fungal species representing to be recorded. Ten samples of every salted and pure nuts; almond, cashew, Peanut, pistachio and hazelnut have been brought in some places and shops in Tayrawa, Qaysari, and Shekhalla from the Erbil city Iraq. That contaminated by some type aspergillus species fungi was observed in both salted and raw nuts products samples. isolated of all salted nuts was located to expand the resistance to all nuts to see and colonize via way of the fungal for the duration in storage. By using sabourand dextrose agar and potato dextrose agar to prepper the media. And Detection of aspergillus niger on all off the shops and types of nuts, and detection of aspergillus flavus two media and both of them was belong to one place. All samples were negative.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Keywords: Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus, Almond, pistachio, mycotoxins, cashew, Aspergillus, peanut.<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-panel panel-default panel-122f18fd50403bbdf fusion-toggle-no-divider fusion-toggle-boxed-mode\"><div class=\"panel-heading\"><h4 class=\"panel-title toggle\" id=\"toggle_122f18fd50403bbdf\"><a aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"122f18fd50403bbdf\" role=\"button\" data-toggle=\"collapse\" data-parent=\"#accordion-474-2\" data-target=\"#122f18fd50403bbdf\" href=\"#122f18fd50403bbdf\"><span class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i class=\"fa-fusion-box active-icon awb-icon-minus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><i class=\"fa-fusion-box inactive-icon awb-icon-plus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fusion-toggle-heading\">Microbial Quality of Filtered Water from Different Household, Universities, Hospitals, and Schools in Erbil<\/span><\/a><\/h4><\/div><div id=\"122f18fd50403bbdf\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse \" aria-labelledby=\"toggle_122f18fd50403bbdf\"><div class=\"panel-body toggle-content fusion-clearfix\">\n<p><strong>Soma Ahmad Rostam<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Supervised by<\/p>\n<p><strong>Dr. Sundes Sultan<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>ABSTRACT<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Water quality should be safe and accessible in Erbil which considered as is an important step towards reducing different types of waterborne diseases. Filtered water helps to improve the water taste and removed any type of contamination through the filtration process. In Erbil, the carbon filters system is the most common water filters used which including; faucet filters, reverse osmosis, gravity filters, pitchers\/carafes, refrigerator filters. The aims of this study were to check the quality of household filtered water of in different locations in Erbil and to investigate water bacterial quality such as; E-coli, Coliform, and Pseudomonas 10 of different locations in Erbil city.\u00a0 The water samples were collected from household water filtration system from 10 different locations in Erbil in May 2019. The bacterial water quality in this study was done by using MPN methods and the results have been shown there was no presence of any type of bacterial contamination in all the ten samples. The results suggested that filtered water is the best water to drink in Erbil instead of tap water and bottled water to reduce the infectious diseases that transmitted by water and safe the health of Erbil community<\/p>\n<p><strong>Key words: Bacteriological analysis, Household filtered water, MPN, pathogens, <em>E. coli, Coliform,<\/em> <em>Pseudomonas aeruginosa<\/em> <\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-panel panel-default panel-bf741fce46cb07dff fusion-toggle-no-divider fusion-toggle-boxed-mode\"><div class=\"panel-heading\"><h4 class=\"panel-title toggle\" id=\"toggle_bf741fce46cb07dff\"><a aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"bf741fce46cb07dff\" role=\"button\" data-toggle=\"collapse\" data-parent=\"#accordion-474-2\" data-target=\"#bf741fce46cb07dff\" href=\"#bf741fce46cb07dff\"><span class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i class=\"fa-fusion-box active-icon awb-icon-minus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><i class=\"fa-fusion-box inactive-icon awb-icon-plus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fusion-toggle-heading\">Parasitic survey of the common pigeon Colombia Domestica from Erbil \/Kurdistan region<\/span><\/a><\/h4><\/div><div id=\"bf741fce46cb07dff\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse \" aria-labelledby=\"toggle_bf741fce46cb07dff\"><div class=\"panel-body toggle-content fusion-clearfix\">\n<p>Prepared by:<\/p>\n<p><strong>Wrya Agha Hassan<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Supervised by: Asst. Prof. Doctor Samir Jaudat Bilal<\/strong><\/p>\n<h1><a name=\"_Toc10168228\"><\/a><strong>Abstract<\/strong><\/h1>\n<p>Pigeon Colombia domestics is a worldwide pigeon that can be found everywhere, they feed on seeds, plants, and fruits. They make so many health problems for humans. When it was studied, Cestodes and Nematodes species could be found internally throughout dissecting but any Ecto-parasites wasn\u2019t found. The parasites were taken from 9 pigeons. Two Nematode which is <em>Molinues.sp<\/em> and one Cestodes which is <em>Pulluterina.sp<\/em> were found the prevalence of Nematodes in the bird intestine was about 22.22% and the prevalence of the Cestodes the intestine of the birds was 11.11%. The goal of this study was to determine the prevalence, intensity, and species of pigeon\u2019s internal and external parasites in the Erbil\/Kurdistan region between February and April 30, 2019.<\/p>\n<p>Key words: Ecto-Parasites, Endo-Parasites, Pigeon Colombia, Erbil\/Kurdistan<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-panel panel-default panel-e0cb55536b73590c3 fusion-toggle-no-divider fusion-toggle-boxed-mode\"><div class=\"panel-heading\"><h4 class=\"panel-title toggle\" id=\"toggle_e0cb55536b73590c3\"><a aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"e0cb55536b73590c3\" role=\"button\" data-toggle=\"collapse\" data-parent=\"#accordion-474-2\" data-target=\"#e0cb55536b73590c3\" href=\"#e0cb55536b73590c3\"><span class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i class=\"fa-fusion-box active-icon awb-icon-minus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><i class=\"fa-fusion-box inactive-icon awb-icon-plus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fusion-toggle-heading\">RESISTANCE CHANGES OF E.COLI TO CEPHALOSPORIN IN ERBIL CITY IN 2018<\/span><\/a><\/h4><\/div><div id=\"e0cb55536b73590c3\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse \" aria-labelledby=\"toggle_e0cb55536b73590c3\"><div class=\"panel-body toggle-content fusion-clearfix\">\n<p>By: Yad Sirwan Awrahman<\/p>\n<p>Supervisor: Aydin COL<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-panel panel-default panel-eaee83c74c20b45a1 fusion-toggle-no-divider fusion-toggle-boxed-mode\"><div class=\"panel-heading\"><h4 class=\"panel-title toggle\" id=\"toggle_eaee83c74c20b45a1\"><a aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"eaee83c74c20b45a1\" role=\"button\" data-toggle=\"collapse\" data-parent=\"#accordion-474-2\" data-target=\"#eaee83c74c20b45a1\" href=\"#eaee83c74c20b45a1\"><span class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i class=\"fa-fusion-box active-icon awb-icon-minus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><i class=\"fa-fusion-box inactive-icon awb-icon-plus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fusion-toggle-heading\">Molecular Characterization of KRAS Gene in Breast Cancer Tissue<\/span><\/a><\/h4><\/div><div id=\"eaee83c74c20b45a1\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse \" aria-labelledby=\"toggle_eaee83c74c20b45a1\"><div class=\"panel-body toggle-content fusion-clearfix\">\n<p>By: Zanyar Tahssin<\/p>\n<p>Supervised by: Dr. Rozhgar A. Khailany<\/p>\n<p><strong>ABSTRACT<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Breast malignancy is the sort of disease that most influences ladies around the globe. It represents around 30% all things considered. KRAS gene is commonly started in around 20 percent of each and every energetic malignancy. Notwithstanding, the further improvement of clinically fruitful KRAS composed harm medicines was typically ineffective and KRAS mutant malignancies are among the most safe medications. KRAS modifies normally happen in numerous adenocarcinomas, for example, lung, pancreas and colon, and mutational enactment of KRAS in these tissues is adequate to instigate neoplasia in mice. The role of oncogene KRAS in later times of neoplastic improvement that is taken after the beginning is still inadequately comprehended. The point of this examination is to explore the presumable mutation and mRNA expression level of KRAS in breast malignant growth patients by following DNA sequencing and RT-qPCR investigation. The investigation included 75 matched control and tumor tests from patients assembled dependent on the kinds of breast malignant growth and the patients&#8217; clinical characters, including age and grade of \u00a0tumors. The KRAS expression on the level; mRNA was essentially expanded (up-regulated) in tumor tests contrasted with the control tests. Notwithstanding, a heterozygous change (G&gt; A) (GGT\/GAT) was distinguished in two patients in the KRAS gene. Therefore, the up-regulated expression of KRAS on the level mRNA can be a hazard factor for breast malignant growth improvement and the changed KRAS expression level can modify individual breast disease affectability.<\/p>\n<p>Keywords: Breasts cancer, KRAS, RT-qPCR, Nucleotide sequencing.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-panel panel-default panel-b457fa228fbe04b2b fusion-toggle-no-divider fusion-toggle-boxed-mode\"><div class=\"panel-heading\"><h4 class=\"panel-title toggle\" id=\"toggle_b457fa228fbe04b2b\"><a aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"b457fa228fbe04b2b\" role=\"button\" data-toggle=\"collapse\" data-parent=\"#accordion-474-2\" data-target=\"#b457fa228fbe04b2b\" href=\"#b457fa228fbe04b2b\"><span class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i class=\"fa-fusion-box active-icon awb-icon-minus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><i class=\"fa-fusion-box inactive-icon awb-icon-plus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fusion-toggle-heading\">Methylene-Tetrahydrofolate Reductase 677 and 1298 Variations in Relation to Recurrent Abortion<\/span><\/a><\/h4><\/div><div id=\"b457fa228fbe04b2b\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse \" aria-labelledby=\"toggle_b457fa228fbe04b2b\"><div class=\"panel-body toggle-content fusion-clearfix\">\n<p>By: Zhilman Sarbaz Yasin<\/p>\n<p>Supervised by: Dr. Rozhgar A. Khailany<\/p>\n<p><strong>Abstract<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Recurrent abortion is multifactorial involving clinical and biological risk factors. Evidence addressed the relationship of inherited thrombophilia with repeated pregnancy abortion and other serious pregnancy complications. However, the relation between thrombophilia associated gene mutations and adverse obstetric outcome is controversial and data in the literature are inconsistent. Main Purpose of this research was to exanimate the prevalence of Methylene-Tetrahydrofolate Reductase gene <strong>(<\/strong><em>MTHFR)<\/em> variations in association with recurrent abortion. A total of 92 samples were screened in the project: 52 women with multiple consecutive abortion and 40 normal controls. DNA of genomic was extracted from whole blood. For evaluate the presence\u00a0 of the both usual A1298C and C677T MTHFR gene variations in the women with recurrent abortion and controls, we employed real time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). There is critical distinction in the pervasiveness of 677T\/T genotype among ladies with repetitive premature birth and typical controls (P = 0.001). Consequently, the outcomes show significant difference in MTHFR C677T\/A1298C genotype distribution among the healthy and women with recurrent abortion; hence, further examinations on bigger populace and other hereditary changes to more readily comprehend the molecular pathobiology of repeated pregnancy are required.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-panel panel-default panel-c860890ded0fa0871 fusion-toggle-no-divider fusion-toggle-boxed-mode\"><div class=\"panel-heading\"><h4 class=\"panel-title toggle\" id=\"toggle_c860890ded0fa0871\"><a aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"c860890ded0fa0871\" role=\"button\" data-toggle=\"collapse\" data-parent=\"#accordion-474-2\" data-target=\"#c860890ded0fa0871\" href=\"#c860890ded0fa0871\"><span class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i class=\"fa-fusion-box active-icon awb-icon-minus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><i class=\"fa-fusion-box inactive-icon awb-icon-plus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fusion-toggle-heading\">Aminoglycoside resistance change of E.coli, second half of 2018 in Erbil City<\/span><\/a><\/h4><\/div><div id=\"c860890ded0fa0871\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse \" aria-labelledby=\"toggle_c860890ded0fa0871\"><div class=\"panel-body toggle-content fusion-clearfix\">\n<p>By: Zryan Amjad Hamakareem<\/p>\n<p>Supervised By: Dr.Aydn Col<\/p>\n<p><strong>Abstract\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Escherichia coli bacteria: <\/strong>is a group or\u00a0 a type of bacteria which\u00a0 are a gram-negative,\u00a0facultative anaerobic, rod-shaped, coliform bacterium, \u00a0of the\u00a0genus Escherichia \u00a0that can be found in the intestine of the\u00a0warm-blooded\u00a0organisms, most of the E. coli&#8217;s are harmless ,but still some of the serotypes may cause of poisoning of the blood in which their hosts , the harmless strains are a normal micro biota in the gut , and the host can get benefit because it can synthesis vitamin K2 and colonizing the intestine from those bacteria which are cause of bacterial pathogen , as a symbiotic relation,\u00a0\u00a0 this bacteria is expelled to the environment by fecal and E.coli can live in a variety of places can grows\u00a0 in aerobic conditions, and also can use as a mixed-acid fermentation\u00a0 in an anaerobic conditions.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0<strong>\u00a0\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><div class=\"nav fusion-mobile-tab-nav\"><ul class=\"nav-tabs nav-justified\" role=\"tablist\"><li role=\"presentation\"><a class=\"tab-link\" data-toggle=\"tab\" role=\"tab\" aria-controls=\"tab-628a5d02fb37ee3653e\" aria-selected=\"false\" tabindex=\"-1\" id=\"mobile-fusion-tab-2019-2020\" href=\"#tab-628a5d02fb37ee3653e\"><h4 class=\"fusion-tab-heading\">2019-2020<\/h4><\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div class=\"tab-pane fade fusion-clearfix\" role=\"tabpanel\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-labelledby=\"fusion-tab-2019-2020\" id=\"tab-628a5d02fb37ee3653e\">\n<div class=\"accordian fusion-accordian\" style=\"--awb-border-size:0px;--awb-icon-size:25px;--awb-content-font-size:15px;--awb-icon-alignment:left;--awb-hover-color:#ffffff;--awb-border-color:#e7e4e2;--awb-background-color:#ffffff;--awb-divider-color:#e7e4e2;--awb-divider-hover-color:#e7e4e2;--awb-icon-color:#f09a3e;--awb-title-color:#ef9a3d;--awb-content-color:#7e8890;--awb-icon-box-color:#333333;--awb-toggle-hover-accent-color:#f09a3e;--awb-title-font-family:&quot;Open Sans&quot;;--awb-title-font-weight:700;--awb-title-font-style:normal;--awb-title-font-size:15px;--awb-content-font-family:&quot;Open Sans&quot;;--awb-content-font-style:normal;--awb-content-font-weight:400;\"><div class=\"panel-group fusion-toggle-icon-unboxed\" id=\"accordion-474-3\"><div class=\"fusion-panel panel-default panel-366cc1f9d66b3ecd5 fusion-toggle-no-divider fusion-toggle-boxed-mode\"><div class=\"panel-heading\"><h4 class=\"panel-title toggle\" id=\"toggle_366cc1f9d66b3ecd5\"><a aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"366cc1f9d66b3ecd5\" role=\"button\" data-toggle=\"collapse\" data-parent=\"#accordion-474-3\" data-target=\"#366cc1f9d66b3ecd5\" href=\"#366cc1f9d66b3ecd5\"><span class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i class=\"fa-fusion-box active-icon awb-icon-minus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><i class=\"fa-fusion-box inactive-icon awb-icon-plus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fusion-toggle-heading\">Biochemical Properties of Watercress for Seed Germination Seed in Growth of Some Monocot and Dicot<\/span><\/a><\/h4><\/div><div id=\"366cc1f9d66b3ecd5\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse \" aria-labelledby=\"toggle_366cc1f9d66b3ecd5\"><div class=\"panel-body toggle-content fusion-clearfix\">\n<p>By: Abdulkadir Azad Hamad<\/p>\n<p>Supervised by: Dr Saber Wasman<\/p>\n<p><strong>Abstract<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Watercress (Nasturtium nasturtium) is a medicinal herb with a number of biologically active substances Biological structures. (Nasturtium officinale R. Br.) Herb from the Cruciferae family , native to Europe and an economically valuable herb in Portugal, with comprehensive uses in Local Kitchen. Fresh watercress leaves are used as salad greens, or maybe steamed and eaten as normal, cooked food. Watercress supplies quite a number of vitamins C and Provitamin A, folic acid, iodine, iron, protein and, in particular, Calcium and Sulphur compounds can influence its characteristics Smelling, whilst also having dietary benefits. Describing and explaining the all parts of the watercress and phenolic compound and soil allelopathy.<\/p>\n<p>In conclusion, watercress shoot extract from plants which are two months old has a far greater effect on seed germination and seedling development than other extracts. The usage of complete phenolic compounds often triggers a substantially greater reduction in seed germination and early development. In pot tests, two-month watercress field shoot has a greater impact on most calculated parameters than aqueous watercress shoot extract. In addition, the effects of two-month ground shooting of watercress, total phenolic compounds and trifluralin in pot experiments indicated that trifluralin had the greatest effect on the germination of seed.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-panel panel-default panel-27f35e4e30ae189d0 fusion-toggle-no-divider fusion-toggle-boxed-mode\"><div class=\"panel-heading\"><h4 class=\"panel-title toggle\" id=\"toggle_27f35e4e30ae189d0\"><a aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"27f35e4e30ae189d0\" role=\"button\" data-toggle=\"collapse\" data-parent=\"#accordion-474-3\" data-target=\"#27f35e4e30ae189d0\" href=\"#27f35e4e30ae189d0\"><span class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i class=\"fa-fusion-box active-icon awb-icon-minus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><i class=\"fa-fusion-box inactive-icon awb-icon-plus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fusion-toggle-heading\">Interrelation among Serum Uric Acid and Hypertension in Kurdish community in Erbil, Kurdistan Regional government<\/span><\/a><\/h4><\/div><div id=\"27f35e4e30ae189d0\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse \" aria-labelledby=\"toggle_27f35e4e30ae189d0\"><div class=\"panel-body toggle-content fusion-clearfix\">\n<p>By: Adam Jalal Mohammed<\/p>\n<p>Supervised by: Dr. Mohammed Merza<\/p>\n<p>Abstract<\/p>\n<p>Background: high rate of SUA which known as (hyperuricemia) was affirmatively linked to high blood pressure which known as (hypertension), still this link needs more exploring, whether this link is free from other cardiovascular risk factors and adiposity.<\/p>\n<p>Methods: In cardiac centre hospital in Erbil, 182 patients rolled in our study (113 males and 69 females; age &gt;25 years) at the beginning of the research they were free from high blood pressure (hypertension) within September 2019\u2013 January 2020. A total of 182 participants were initially enrolled at cardiac centre in Erbil September 2019 to January 2020.<\/p>\n<p>Result: within our data pattern features of the 182 members are exposed, in addition to the mean of serum UA concentration was meaningfully higher among the men than within the women. Higher rates of blood glucose, BMI, triglycerides, waist circumference, creatinine together with blood pressure were corresponded with high rate of serum UA. We noticed that those patients that had high rate of serum UA quartile in addition they had 3 or more components of the metabolic syndrome, they had more hazard to have hypertension than those who had low rate of serum UA without having any component of metabolic syndrome.<\/p>\n<p>Conclusion: Within this study a positive link among high rate of serum UA with occurring high blood pressure (hypertension) within Kurdish community in Erbil (Kurdistan regional government) was proposed.<\/p>\n<p>KEY WORDS: Hyperuricemia, Hypertension, Uric acid, Creatinine. Cholesterol, triglycerides, blood glucose, obesity.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-panel panel-default panel-563660706a6e1bf53 fusion-toggle-no-divider fusion-toggle-boxed-mode\"><div class=\"panel-heading\"><h4 class=\"panel-title toggle\" id=\"toggle_563660706a6e1bf53\"><a aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"563660706a6e1bf53\" role=\"button\" data-toggle=\"collapse\" data-parent=\"#accordion-474-3\" data-target=\"#563660706a6e1bf53\" href=\"#563660706a6e1bf53\"><span class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i class=\"fa-fusion-box active-icon awb-icon-minus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><i class=\"fa-fusion-box inactive-icon awb-icon-plus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fusion-toggle-heading\">Structure chromosomal abnormality and men infertility in Kurdistan Region<\/span><\/a><\/h4><\/div><div id=\"563660706a6e1bf53\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse \" aria-labelledby=\"toggle_563660706a6e1bf53\"><div class=\"panel-body toggle-content fusion-clearfix\">\n<p>By: Awezan Arsalam<\/p>\n<p>Supervised by: Asst. Lecturer: Mr. Rozhgar A. KHAILANY<\/p>\n<p><strong>Abstract:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Background and Objective:<\/strong> Infertility is considered as common problem which faces the couples, within each 6 couples at least one couple will safer infertility problems . However, numbers of cases of the male infertility remains idiopathic, it\u2019s been shown that genetic factors have identified effect on fertility including chromosomes abnormalities. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to show the different types of structure chromosome abnormality related to human male infertility. Mainly the microdeletions of the AZF region impacts on male infertility in Kurdistan region.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Methods:<\/strong> A total of 121 samples were collected at Zheen International Hospital in Erbil, Iraq. The study included 61 azoospermia samples and 60 healthy control samples. The blood samples of the azoospermia cases stored at -20\u02daC until DNA extraction.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Results:<\/strong> A total of 61 infertile men who were candidate for ICSI were selected. Of these patients, 8 cases have deletions in more than one region of AZF loci on Y-chromosome but no microdeletion was detected among control group. Totally 16 micro-deletions were investigated. Among the regions, AZFc had the most microdeletions 38% followed by AZFa 30% and the AZFb microdeletions have the less frequency 19%. In this study, among patients with microdeletion 3 case had deletions in all three AZF regions.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Conclusions<\/strong><strong>:<\/strong> Chromosomal abnormality in general, and AZF region microdeletion of Y chromosome have sufficient impact on human male infertility. AZFc had the foremost microdeletion while AZFa ,AZFb got lower within AZF regionswhich relevant with worldwide data that have been worked on Y Chromosome Microdeletion.<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>KEY WORDS;<\/em><\/strong> Male infertility, chromosomal abnormality, AZF, microdeletion<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-panel panel-default panel-15fedb8359dfe0bc8 fusion-toggle-no-divider fusion-toggle-boxed-mode\"><div class=\"panel-heading\"><h4 class=\"panel-title toggle\" id=\"toggle_15fedb8359dfe0bc8\"><a aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"15fedb8359dfe0bc8\" role=\"button\" data-toggle=\"collapse\" data-parent=\"#accordion-474-3\" data-target=\"#15fedb8359dfe0bc8\" href=\"#15fedb8359dfe0bc8\"><span class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i class=\"fa-fusion-box active-icon awb-icon-minus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><i class=\"fa-fusion-box inactive-icon awb-icon-plus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fusion-toggle-heading\">Numerical chromosome abnormalities and men infertility In Kurdistan region<\/span><\/a><\/h4><\/div><div id=\"15fedb8359dfe0bc8\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse \" aria-labelledby=\"toggle_15fedb8359dfe0bc8\"><div class=\"panel-body toggle-content fusion-clearfix\">\n<p>By: Bawar Qadr Ahmad<\/p>\n<p>Supervised by: Asst. Lecturer: Mr. Rozhgar A. KHAILANY<\/p>\n<p><strong>ABSTRACT<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Background and objective:<\/strong> One of the world wide substantial problems in human binges society is the man infertility, Nevertheless, male infertility remains idiopathic in numbers of cases of the, it\u2019s been shown that genetic factors have identified effect on fertility including chromosomes abnormalities. Consequently, the purpose of this study is to shed a light on the impact of numerical chromosome abnormalities on the male infertility in Kurdistan region based on the chromosomal analysis process.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Material and method: <\/strong>A total of 175 samples were collected at Zheen International Hospital in Erbil, Iraq. Including 100 azoospermia (Infertile) samples and 75 healthy control samples. Then by G-banding the carried out of the karyotype analysis takes place\u00a0 After sample processing for all of them.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0Result: <\/strong>Among 100 azoospermic patients it was found that 22 individuals have Klinfilter syndrome. The study showed strong and significant association between Klinefelter syndrome and infertility. Statistically was significant (p = 0.0001, T-test; p &gt; 0,05).<\/p>\n<p><strong>Conclusion: <\/strong>Our results suggests that a high genetic defect such as Klinefelter\u2019 syndrome existence in male azoospermia. However, previously this study has been reported but not in Kurdistan region of Iraq. Moreover, it is very obvious that cytogenetic analysis is strongly suggested due to chromosome abnormalities in high prevalence over all infertile male in order to accurate detection and explaining if any chance would exist \u00a0for instance the process of testicular sperm extraction (TESE)\/ICSI and intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) treatment.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong><em>KEY WORDS:<\/em><\/strong> male infertility, chromosomal abnormality, azoospermia, Klinefelter syndrome<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-panel panel-default panel-a31a9d3cdc35ba9db fusion-toggle-no-divider fusion-toggle-boxed-mode\"><div class=\"panel-heading\"><h4 class=\"panel-title toggle\" id=\"toggle_a31a9d3cdc35ba9db\"><a aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"a31a9d3cdc35ba9db\" role=\"button\" data-toggle=\"collapse\" data-parent=\"#accordion-474-3\" data-target=\"#a31a9d3cdc35ba9db\" href=\"#a31a9d3cdc35ba9db\"><span class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i class=\"fa-fusion-box active-icon awb-icon-minus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><i class=\"fa-fusion-box inactive-icon awb-icon-plus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fusion-toggle-heading\">Allelopathic potential of portulaca oleracea on germination and growth some plant species<\/span><\/a><\/h4><\/div><div id=\"a31a9d3cdc35ba9db\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse \" aria-labelledby=\"toggle_a31a9d3cdc35ba9db\"><div class=\"panel-body toggle-content fusion-clearfix\">\n<p>By: Brwa Qanih Hamad<\/p>\n<p>Supervised by Saber Wasman Hamad<\/p>\n<p><strong>Abstract <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>In this study the impact of aqueous leaf extract of <em>Trichodesma africanum<\/em> L. on seed germination, development, chlorophyll, metabolites, ATP-ase action, NADHoxidase movement and\u00a0oxide\u00a0substance in <em>Portulaca oleracea<\/em>L.\u00a0dashes\u00a0was investigated. The comes about show that watery leaf extract of <em>T. africanum<\/em> reduced seed germination, root length, shoot length, chlorophyll substance, soluble carbohydrate, insoluble carbohydrate and add up to carbohydrate substance. Moreover, the leaf extract of <em>T. africanum<\/em> decreased the dissolvable protein, insoluble protein and total protein substance. In expansion, the treatment driven to an increment in H<sub>2<\/sub>O<sub>2<\/sub>,\u00a0and therefore the\u00a0activities of NADH-oxidase in <em>P. oleracea<\/em>\u00a0dashes. In any case, the treatment caused\u00a0a discount\u00a0in ATP-ase action\u00a0in a very\u00a0concentration-dependent way. The results indicate the conceivable application of <em>T. africanum<\/em> fluid leaf extract natural bioherbicide of <em>P. oleracea<\/em> and typically an financial procedure.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Keywords<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><em>Trichodesma<\/em> <em>africanum<\/em>, <em>Portulaca oleracea<\/em>, seed germination, growth, chlorophyll, metabolites.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-panel panel-default panel-284ff36b60092b18b fusion-toggle-no-divider fusion-toggle-boxed-mode\"><div class=\"panel-heading\"><h4 class=\"panel-title toggle\" id=\"toggle_284ff36b60092b18b\"><a aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"284ff36b60092b18b\" role=\"button\" data-toggle=\"collapse\" data-parent=\"#accordion-474-3\" data-target=\"#284ff36b60092b18b\" href=\"#284ff36b60092b18b\"><span class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i class=\"fa-fusion-box active-icon awb-icon-minus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><i class=\"fa-fusion-box inactive-icon awb-icon-plus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fusion-toggle-heading\"> Relationshship Between Hypertension And Diabetes Mellitus In Erbil City<\/span><\/a><\/h4><\/div><div id=\"284ff36b60092b18b\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse \" aria-labelledby=\"toggle_284ff36b60092b18b\"><div class=\"panel-body toggle-content fusion-clearfix\">\n<p>By: Daroon Sahdoon Ghareeb<\/p>\n<p>Supervised by: Dr. Mohammed Merza<\/p>\n<p><strong>ABSTRACT<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Objective:<\/strong> To assess the prevalence of hypertension in Erbil town among people with diabetes mellitus (DM).<\/p>\n<p><strong>Materials and Methods:<\/strong> Hundred and twenty-two diabetics were tested for hypertension using a sphygmomanometer in the cardiac center to assess their blood pressure in Erbil, Iraqi Kurdistan Province Some Other data collected included age , sex, DM form, weight , height, body mass index, and the ratio of waist hip.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Results:<\/strong> Fifty nine out of 122 Those with hypertension yielded a prevalence of 48.3%. 31 males (58%) They were hypertensive compared to 28 females (52%), but this gap was not important (P &gt; 0.05). 39 (82.9%) Of the 42 subjects of type 1, 58 (77.3 %) had hypertension and this disparity was statistically important (P &lt; 0.05) among those of type 2.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Conclusions:<\/strong> Hypertension is normal in DM patients. Studies have shown that good blood pressure regulation decreases the microvascular and macrovascular DM complications. To regulate hypertension in patients with DM, DM care providers must prescribe effective antihypertensive therapy.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Keyword : <\/strong>Hypertension , Diabetes , Prevalence , Mellitus , significant , Control , macrovascular , microvascular , hypertensive.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-panel panel-default panel-10b290539593772e0 fusion-toggle-no-divider fusion-toggle-boxed-mode\"><div class=\"panel-heading\"><h4 class=\"panel-title toggle\" id=\"toggle_10b290539593772e0\"><a aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"10b290539593772e0\" role=\"button\" data-toggle=\"collapse\" data-parent=\"#accordion-474-3\" data-target=\"#10b290539593772e0\" href=\"#10b290539593772e0\"><span class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i class=\"fa-fusion-box active-icon awb-icon-minus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><i class=\"fa-fusion-box inactive-icon awb-icon-plus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fusion-toggle-heading\">Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) risk genotypes with Cervical cancer in Kurdistan Region<\/span><\/a><\/h4><\/div><div id=\"10b290539593772e0\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse \" aria-labelledby=\"toggle_10b290539593772e0\"><div class=\"panel-body toggle-content fusion-clearfix\">\n<p>By: Firdaws Jamal Rashid<\/p>\n<p>Supervised by: Asst. Lecturer: Mr. Rozhgar A. KHAILANY<\/p>\n<p><strong>ABSTRACT<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Background and Objective<\/strong>: Cervical cancer is the most common female malignancy cancer after breast cancer. The molecular findings have shown that particular kinds of human papillomavirus (HPV) are the major causes of cervical cancer which can be differentiated into two groups: the high and low risk according to the cancer association. Our aim was study to identify the correlation of HPV infection and cervical cancer occurrence through pre-analyzed and highly reliable evidences in Kurdistan.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Methods:<\/strong> A total of 152 samples were subjected to our study, the cervical swab samples of the suspected women cases stored at -20\u02daC until genomic isolation. These samples were subjected to nested multiplex PCR targeting 134 bp L1 capsid gene employing GP+\/mGP+ primers and typing of genotypes-16 and 18, targeting E6\/E7 gene employing primers the mGP + primers were designed by trimming bases from 5\u2019 ends of GP + primers for this study.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Results:<\/strong> The study was detected 37 positive HPV DNA sequences from the cervical samples; 16 sample was HPV high resolution and 21 samples was HPV low resolution.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Conclusions<\/strong><strong>:<\/strong> Compared to the last years, the prevalence of cervical cancer has dramatically increased, and the HPV role in this change cannot be ignored, therefore the NMPCR detection of HPV 16\/ 18 along with other techniques might be a crucial for screening of the cervical cancer.<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>KEY WORDS:<\/em><\/strong> Cervical Cancer, HPV, NMPCR.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-panel panel-default panel-9a2db4f03d6167010 fusion-toggle-no-divider fusion-toggle-boxed-mode\"><div class=\"panel-heading\"><h4 class=\"panel-title toggle\" id=\"toggle_9a2db4f03d6167010\"><a aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"9a2db4f03d6167010\" role=\"button\" data-toggle=\"collapse\" data-parent=\"#accordion-474-3\" data-target=\"#9a2db4f03d6167010\" href=\"#9a2db4f03d6167010\"><span class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i class=\"fa-fusion-box active-icon awb-icon-minus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><i class=\"fa-fusion-box inactive-icon awb-icon-plus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fusion-toggle-heading\">Allelopathic potential of white radish (raphanus sativs L.) on germination and seedling growth of some plant species<\/span><\/a><\/h4><\/div><div id=\"9a2db4f03d6167010\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse \" aria-labelledby=\"toggle_9a2db4f03d6167010\"><div class=\"panel-body toggle-content fusion-clearfix\">\n<p>By: Gashbin Kamal<\/p>\n<p>Supervised by: Saber Wasman Hamad<\/p>\n<p><strong>Abstract<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>some crops and weed flora were sensitive towards extracts of radish plant. Tokura and N\u00f3brega (2006) determined that the aqueous extract of radish introduced allelopathic impact in the germination and in the preliminary development of corn plantlets. Koseli (1991) confirmed that regrowth of Johnson grass rhizomes<\/p>\n<p>have been suppressed by incorporation of above and underground components of radish. wild radish (Raphanus raphanistrum L.) aqueous extract at more than a few tiers and radicle boom of some weeds used to be inhibited (Norsworthy, 2003). Turk and Tawaha (2003) discovered that germination and seedling increase of wild oat (Avena fatua) was inhibited by using aqueous extracts of black mustard (Brassica<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-panel panel-default panel-c7bdb663bebe35a3e fusion-toggle-no-divider fusion-toggle-boxed-mode\"><div class=\"panel-heading\"><h4 class=\"panel-title toggle\" id=\"toggle_c7bdb663bebe35a3e\"><a aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"c7bdb663bebe35a3e\" role=\"button\" data-toggle=\"collapse\" data-parent=\"#accordion-474-3\" data-target=\"#c7bdb663bebe35a3e\" href=\"#c7bdb663bebe35a3e\"><span class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i class=\"fa-fusion-box active-icon awb-icon-minus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><i class=\"fa-fusion-box inactive-icon awb-icon-plus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fusion-toggle-heading\">Factor V G1691A (FV Leiden) and recurrent pregnancy loss in Kurdistan Region<\/span><\/a><\/h4><\/div><div id=\"c7bdb663bebe35a3e\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse \" aria-labelledby=\"toggle_c7bdb663bebe35a3e\"><div class=\"panel-body toggle-content fusion-clearfix\">\n<p>By: Haneen Suleman War Qarban<\/p>\n<p>Supervised by: Asst. Lecturer: Mr. Rozhgar A. KHAILANY<\/p>\n<p><strong>ABSTRACT:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Background and objective:<\/strong> Recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL), the main result of thrombophilia, is a heterogeneous disorder that affects women in the reproductive age. It causes repeated failed pregnancy before reaching 20 gestational weeks and it is commonly diagnosed within about 20% of all pregnancies. Along with other studies for the last two decades, it was ensured that the occurrence of different mutations in FVL is considerable to be the main risk factor that is highly responsible for developing this disorder. The purpose of this study includes estimating the prevalence of Factor V Leiden (FVL) mutations in women who suffered from recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) in the Kurdish population for the year 2020.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Material and Method:<\/strong> The data that were collected from a total of 197 samples, which include 102 recurrent abortion samples and 92 healthy control samples by the Zheen International Hospital in Erbil, Iraq.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Result:<\/strong> The results from the study indicated the obvious difference between the normal FVL and its mutant form as (p = 0.0002, T-test; p &gt; 0,05), which can be summarized as having a mutation that changes the genetic from of the FVL gene can directly affects its protein expression. As a result, developing RPL in women who have the mutant allele of FVL. The results we got from the present study support that FVL mutation status is significantly associated with RPL.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Conclusion: <\/strong>The results have shown an obvious association between FVL and RPL. Therefore. Testing for having FVL mutation for women with unexplained RPL might be a very good idea as a considerable standard of care worldwide.<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>Keywords<\/em><\/strong><strong>: <\/strong>Recurrent pregnancy loss, Factor V Leiden, thrombophilia, coagulation process, protein expression<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-panel panel-default panel-95ee6a68ec8ab6d58 fusion-toggle-no-divider fusion-toggle-boxed-mode\"><div class=\"panel-heading\"><h4 class=\"panel-title toggle\" id=\"toggle_95ee6a68ec8ab6d58\"><a aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"95ee6a68ec8ab6d58\" role=\"button\" data-toggle=\"collapse\" data-parent=\"#accordion-474-3\" data-target=\"#95ee6a68ec8ab6d58\" href=\"#95ee6a68ec8ab6d58\"><span class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i class=\"fa-fusion-box active-icon awb-icon-minus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><i class=\"fa-fusion-box inactive-icon awb-icon-plus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fusion-toggle-heading\">Anti-microbial activity and phytochemical properties of Citrus lemon: review<\/span><\/a><\/h4><\/div><div id=\"95ee6a68ec8ab6d58\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse \" aria-labelledby=\"toggle_95ee6a68ec8ab6d58\"><div class=\"panel-body toggle-content fusion-clearfix\">\n<p>By: Hezhin FarsHamamurad<\/p>\n<p>Supervised by: Soran Kayfi<\/p>\n<h1><a name=\"_Toc45313893\"><\/a>Abstract<\/h1>\n<p>Multidrug resistance is considered big issue nowadays. Antibiotics have played a crucial role in controlling of infection; nevertheless, the inappropriate taking of antibiotics have resulted in the emergence of resistance of microorganisms to antibiotics. This has caused an increased interest in medicinal plants. Natural medicinal plants are considered the natural resources in production of new medication. Nature has been a source of medicinal agent for thousands of years and an impressive number of modern drugs have been isolated from natural sources, based on their use in traditional medicine. Additionally, Plants synthesize secondary metabolites and phytochemicals and have great potential to act as therapeutics<\/p>\n<p><em>Citrus lemon <\/em>is among these plants which exerts the potential effects on human\u2019s health especially as antimicrobial. Moreover, the biological effect of this plant is due to the high content of plant\u2019s secondary metabolites.<\/p>\n<p>Lastly, the main focus of this mini-review is to emphasize the potential benefits of <em>C. lemon<\/em> mainly the antimicrobial effects and the importance of phytochemical contents inside the plant.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-panel panel-default panel-eb3b30d858c4762a1 fusion-toggle-no-divider fusion-toggle-boxed-mode\"><div class=\"panel-heading\"><h4 class=\"panel-title toggle\" id=\"toggle_eb3b30d858c4762a1\"><a aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"eb3b30d858c4762a1\" role=\"button\" data-toggle=\"collapse\" data-parent=\"#accordion-474-3\" data-target=\"#eb3b30d858c4762a1\" href=\"#eb3b30d858c4762a1\"><span class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i class=\"fa-fusion-box active-icon awb-icon-minus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><i class=\"fa-fusion-box inactive-icon awb-icon-plus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fusion-toggle-heading\">Antimicrobial and phytochemical properties of Citrus sinensis: a review<\/span><\/a><\/h4><\/div><div id=\"eb3b30d858c4762a1\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse \" aria-labelledby=\"toggle_eb3b30d858c4762a1\"><div class=\"panel-body toggle-content fusion-clearfix\">\n<p>By: Khadija Anwar<\/p>\n<p>Supervised by: Soran Kayfi<\/p>\n<h1><a name=\"_Toc45315025\"><\/a>Abstract<\/h1>\n<p>since long time Plants have been used to treat health problems and to cure diseases including infections that caused by microorganisms. Awareness of the significance and healing properties have been transferred within communities over many centuries<strong>. <\/strong>Plants are considered an important source of secondary metabolite which adverse noticeable effects on human body. Moreover, these secondary metabolites which could be effective against microorganisms. Resistance of microorganisms against commercial medicine leads to seek an alternative way to overcome this issue.<\/p>\n<p><em>Citrus sinensis<\/em> is a rich source of secondary metabolites which contribute to the pharmacological activities attributed to this plant. Several types of chemical compounds have been identified in fruits, peel, leaves, juice and roots of <em>Citrus sinensis<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Many pharmacological investigations have been conducted to explore the properties of <em>Citrus sinensis<\/em>. to verify its consumption as a multi-use medicinal agent including different extraction methoads and solvents to emphasize the benefits of this plant. This presents review important botanical, chemical and pharmacological characteristics of <em>Citrus sinensis<\/em> \u2014a species with valuable pharmaceutical properties Thus, in the present work, <em>Citrus sinensis<\/em> (sweet orange) with emphasis on their antimicrobial properties are reviewed<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Key words: <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Medicinal plant,<em> Citrus sinenis,<\/em> Phytochemicals, Antimicrobials<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-panel panel-default panel-b586e39efbf8eb31c fusion-toggle-no-divider fusion-toggle-boxed-mode\"><div class=\"panel-heading\"><h4 class=\"panel-title toggle\" id=\"toggle_b586e39efbf8eb31c\"><a aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"b586e39efbf8eb31c\" role=\"button\" data-toggle=\"collapse\" data-parent=\"#accordion-474-3\" data-target=\"#b586e39efbf8eb31c\" href=\"#b586e39efbf8eb31c\"><span class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i class=\"fa-fusion-box active-icon awb-icon-minus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><i class=\"fa-fusion-box inactive-icon awb-icon-plus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fusion-toggle-heading\">Effects of Selected Antibiotics to Resistance Alterations in Pseudomonas Aeruginosa in Erbil City<\/span><\/a><\/h4><\/div><div id=\"b586e39efbf8eb31c\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse \" aria-labelledby=\"toggle_b586e39efbf8eb31c\"><div class=\"panel-body toggle-content fusion-clearfix\">\n<p>By: Muthana Esam Hashim<\/p>\n<p>Supervised by: Neslihan \u00d6ZTA\u015e<\/p>\n<p>Bacterial infections are one of the leading causes of death world-wide, and with the rising of resistance in nearly all bacteria, which made the treating of these infections significantly difficult. So, these infections need a huge development of antimicrobial medications in treating these infections, this led to the emergence of antibiotic resistance among different strains of microorganism. Generally, in Iraq and especially in Kurdistan region there is a rising concern about the antimicrobial resistance.<em> P.aeruginosa<\/em> is one of the most frequent species reported among burn patients there. Some studies in Erbil city exhibited that 86% of isolations were MDR and the chromosomal beta-lactamases was the common reason. This study displays the sensitivity and resistance of Fluoroquinolone, Carbapenem, Cephalosporin, and Ureidopenicillin among <em>P.aeruginosa <\/em>bacterial strains. Overall, the sensitivity of all these classes were close except the Fluoroquinolone, which was extremely low in compare with the other drugs.<\/p>\n<p>The purpose of this study is to investigate the sensitivity of several selected antimicrobial drugs against <em>Pseudomonas aeruginosa <\/em>bacterium. as well as to draw a future research line for a further study to display a bigger picture around the increasing resistance rates of microorganisms within the possible treatment options.<\/p>\n<p>Keywords: <em>Pseudomonas aeruginosa, <\/em>antimicrobial, drug, resistance.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-panel panel-default panel-e36cec3d95090312f fusion-toggle-no-divider fusion-toggle-boxed-mode\"><div class=\"panel-heading\"><h4 class=\"panel-title toggle\" id=\"toggle_e36cec3d95090312f\"><a aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"e36cec3d95090312f\" role=\"button\" data-toggle=\"collapse\" data-parent=\"#accordion-474-3\" data-target=\"#e36cec3d95090312f\" href=\"#e36cec3d95090312f\"><span class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i class=\"fa-fusion-box active-icon awb-icon-minus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><i class=\"fa-fusion-box inactive-icon awb-icon-plus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fusion-toggle-heading\">Relationship between Serum Creatinine and Blood Urea with Heart Failure<\/span><\/a><\/h4><\/div><div id=\"e36cec3d95090312f\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse \" aria-labelledby=\"toggle_e36cec3d95090312f\"><div class=\"panel-body toggle-content fusion-clearfix\">\n<p>By: Nuha Nawsheroan Muhammed<\/p>\n<p>Supervised by: Dr. Mohammed Merza<\/p>\n<h1>ABSTRACT:<\/h1>\n<p><strong>Background<\/strong>: Measurement of blood urea and serum creatinine in control group and patients for the estimation of kidney function in heart failure patients.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Aim<\/strong>: The aim of the research to illustrate the effect of heart failure on serum creatinine and blood urea as an indicator of renal function.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Method<\/strong>: Thirty patients of heart failure attending rizgari teaching hospital and cardiac center (patients group) and thirty normal persons (control group) were included in the study; serum urea and creatinine were measured for both groups in the Biological Experimental Laboratory All data are expressed as mean \u00b1 SD. Students test used to statistically analyze the differences between mean levels with baseline along the overall period of the study. A statistically significant value of p&lt;0.05 has been considered.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Result:<\/strong> Serum creatinine level in patients group (1.3 + 0.89) significant elevation was seen (P=0.018) compared with the control group (0.7 +0.32), As well patients also displayed a significant elevation (P=0.004) in blood urea level (72.5 + 65.3) in comparison with control healthy persons (24.3 +7.2).<\/p>\n<p><strong>Conclusion<\/strong>: As shown in the results heart failure has a significant effect on the Kidney function as indicated by the significant elevation of serum urea and serum creatinine. In conclusion, Levels of serum creatinine and blood urea may have value as a quantitative trait to establish the severity of heart failure as indicated by kidney function.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Key words<\/strong>: heart failure, kidney function, blood urea, serum creatinine.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-panel panel-default panel-865c45d8637845b07 fusion-toggle-no-divider fusion-toggle-boxed-mode\"><div class=\"panel-heading\"><h4 class=\"panel-title toggle\" id=\"toggle_865c45d8637845b07\"><a aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"865c45d8637845b07\" role=\"button\" data-toggle=\"collapse\" data-parent=\"#accordion-474-3\" data-target=\"#865c45d8637845b07\" href=\"#865c45d8637845b07\"><span class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i class=\"fa-fusion-box active-icon awb-icon-minus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><i class=\"fa-fusion-box inactive-icon awb-icon-plus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fusion-toggle-heading\">Association of Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1 (PAI-1 4G\/5G) Gene in Recurrent Pregnancy Loss<\/span><\/a><\/h4><\/div><div id=\"865c45d8637845b07\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse \" aria-labelledby=\"toggle_865c45d8637845b07\"><div class=\"panel-body toggle-content fusion-clearfix\">\n<p>By: Pshu Kareem<\/p>\n<p>Supervised by: Asst. Lecturer: Mr. Rozhgar A. KHAILANY<\/p>\n<p><strong>Abstract<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><strong>Background and objective: <\/strong>Two times or more fetal loss before the fetus arrive to growth is called recurrent pregnancy loss RPL. Consider RPL has different cause, the pathophysiology of RPL is hard, tough, and poor to understood. Therefore, the estimate between PAI-1 4G5G polymorphism and RPL is associated.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Material and Method:<\/strong> A total of 143 samples were collected from the Zheen International Hospital in Erbil, Iraq. Among them, 82 repeated pregnancy losses samples and 61 healthy control samples were taken.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Result: <\/strong>There is significant association in the PAI-1 4G4G and PAI-1 4G5G genotypes among ladies with recurrent abortions and normal samples. Statistically was significant (p = 0.0001, T-test; p &gt; 0,05).<\/p>\n<p><strong>Conclusion: <\/strong>The present study showed that the Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1(PAI-1 4G\/5G) polymorphism correlated with the RPL.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong><em>Keywords:<\/em><\/strong> Recurrent pregnancy lose, PAI-1 4G\/5G, Polymorphism, Plasminogen<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-panel panel-default panel-961d9ad0335485774 fusion-toggle-no-divider fusion-toggle-boxed-mode\"><div class=\"panel-heading\"><h4 class=\"panel-title toggle\" id=\"toggle_961d9ad0335485774\"><a aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"961d9ad0335485774\" role=\"button\" data-toggle=\"collapse\" data-parent=\"#accordion-474-3\" data-target=\"#961d9ad0335485774\" href=\"#961d9ad0335485774\"><span class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i class=\"fa-fusion-box active-icon awb-icon-minus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><i class=\"fa-fusion-box inactive-icon awb-icon-plus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fusion-toggle-heading\">Allelopathic Activities of Radish (Raphanus Sativus) On Germination and Seeding Growth of Some Plants.<\/span><\/a><\/h4><\/div><div id=\"961d9ad0335485774\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse \" aria-labelledby=\"toggle_961d9ad0335485774\"><div class=\"panel-body toggle-content fusion-clearfix\">\n<p>Prepared by: Rozhbin Younis Mohammed<\/p>\n<p>Supervised by: Doctor Saber Hamad<\/p>\n<h1><strong>Abstract<\/strong><\/h1>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Because of fast spreading of the Nobel Corona Virus which is a global issue and affected everywhere. All places and ways to wanted place were prohibited to reach and closing all academic places. This research could not do any laboratory experiments, instead it reviewed one of the researches that was been done about the same plant before. This study conducted \u00a0to find out the allelopathic potential of <em>Raphanus sativus <\/em>L. roots aqueous extracted on growth and germination of, barley crops, weed plants and wheat \u00a0(<em>Brassica napus, , Phalaris minor<\/em>and, <em>Avina fatua<\/em>,), in order to show the ability of using \u00a0this extract as a herbicides. Results indicated the importance influence of different concentration 5%, 10%, 15% and 20% of aqueous extracted \u00a0which compared to control 0% treatments on germination inhibition percentage, germination speed, germination percentage, Plumule and radical length, plunule and radical elongation velocity, Plumule and radical dry weight, seedlings entire dry weight, shoot-root ratio and seedlings vigor index. Among five studied plants species Barley and wheat were stronger than the other studied weed plants. In this study the influence were concentration dependent on all studied parameter, in the moment the effect of cooperation between concentration and plant species gave rise to important differences with determined features for both crop plants comparing to the other weed plants. Soothe radish aqueous extracts showed herbicidal influence on studied weed plants.<\/p>\n<p>Key Words: Allelopathy, Radish Plant, Germination, Seedling Plants<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-panel panel-default panel-92d5687cfeb5ce791 fusion-toggle-no-divider fusion-toggle-boxed-mode\"><div class=\"panel-heading\"><h4 class=\"panel-title toggle\" id=\"toggle_92d5687cfeb5ce791\"><a aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"92d5687cfeb5ce791\" role=\"button\" data-toggle=\"collapse\" data-parent=\"#accordion-474-3\" data-target=\"#92d5687cfeb5ce791\" href=\"#92d5687cfeb5ce791\"><span class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i class=\"fa-fusion-box active-icon awb-icon-minus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><i class=\"fa-fusion-box inactive-icon awb-icon-plus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fusion-toggle-heading\">Alterations of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in The Response to Cephalosporin<\/span><\/a><\/h4><\/div><div id=\"92d5687cfeb5ce791\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse \" aria-labelledby=\"toggle_92d5687cfeb5ce791\"><div class=\"panel-body toggle-content fusion-clearfix\">\n<p>By: Shangul Hassan Rashid<\/p>\n<p>Supervised by: Neslihan \u00d6ZTA\u015e<\/p>\n<h1><a name=\"_Toc45023399\"><\/a>Abstract:<\/h1>\n<p>The increase of pathogens which is resistant to antibiotics and the increase in the rate of multidrug resistant (MDR) bacterial infections are one of the major challenges for health system and represent significant problems for community health nowadays. The effects of inadequate antibiotic administration commonly meet in gram-negative bacilli, especially in <em>pseudomonas aeruginosa<\/em> which is notorious for its pathogenicity and antibiotic resistance. <em>P. aeruginosa<\/em> is a gram negative, rod shaped bacillus which is broadly spread in hospital environment and in nature being the reason for hospital acquired infections resulting in excruciating life frightening infections because the bacterium spread speedily from the area of epithelial colonization to blood stream. Antibiotics are active chemotherapeutic agents which are \u2018wonder drugs\u2019 to fight and combat bacteria, they generally can eliminate the majority of bacteria inside the host. Some drugs of cephalosporins are known as antipseudomonal antibiotics because of their activity against <em>p. aeruginosa<\/em> but the potential development of resistance has weakened the success of using any therapeutic agent from the first time which such compound has been used. The aim of this study is to review the reasons of <em>p. aeruginosa<\/em> resistance with its mechanism and show the potential role of cephalosporins on <em>p. aeruginosa<\/em> with its adverse effects.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-panel panel-default panel-09b55837e0acfbd1c fusion-toggle-no-divider fusion-toggle-boxed-mode\"><div class=\"panel-heading\"><h4 class=\"panel-title toggle\" id=\"toggle_09b55837e0acfbd1c\"><a aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"09b55837e0acfbd1c\" role=\"button\" data-toggle=\"collapse\" data-parent=\"#accordion-474-3\" data-target=\"#09b55837e0acfbd1c\" href=\"#09b55837e0acfbd1c\"><span class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i class=\"fa-fusion-box active-icon awb-icon-minus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><i class=\"fa-fusion-box inactive-icon awb-icon-plus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fusion-toggle-heading\">Resistance changes of klebsiella to aminoglycoside In Erbil city<\/span><\/a><\/h4><\/div><div id=\"09b55837e0acfbd1c\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse \" aria-labelledby=\"toggle_09b55837e0acfbd1c\"><div class=\"panel-body toggle-content fusion-clearfix\">\n<p>By: Sherwan Mohsin Othman<\/p>\n<p>Supervised by: Neslihan ozta\u015f<\/p>\n<h1><strong>ABSTRACT<\/strong><\/h1>\n<p><em>Klebsiella pneumonia <\/em>bacteria are bacteria that is mostly harmless to human, but there is also some pathogenic one that the human can be infected with. B-lactam was one of the most efficient antibiotics to treat <em>Klebsiella pneumonia <\/em>infections along with other kind of antibiotics. recently less ability of aminoglycoside to <em>Klebsiella pneumonia <\/em>infections can be absorbed worldwide because of gaining the resistance from <em>Klebsiella pneumonia <\/em>to almost all antibiotics, particularly aminoglycoside which this research focus on. So, this research has been done to identify and determine the <em>Klebsiella pneumonia <\/em>resistance to aminoglycoside and its spreading in Erbil city. For this purpose, some samples were got from the year 2020, From infected patient by <em>Klebsiella pneumonia <\/em>bacteria. Then tested by two groups of aminoglycosides that were include amikacin and gentamicin to them, to examine either the <em>Klebsiella pneumonia <\/em>is sensitive or resistance to certain antibiotics. The results that have got from the study were too high amount of <em>Klebsiella pneumonia <\/em>resistance to each of aminoglycoside that has been used. It shows somehow ineffectiveness of this antibiotics against <em>Klebsiella pneumonia <\/em>anymore if couldn\u2019t resist its rapid spreading. <em>Klebsiella pneumonia <\/em>gets stronger continuously. There are some solution and advices that has been provided in the paper for people to prevent its strength anymore against used antibiotics.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-panel panel-default panel-4fa17feb1cec300c5 fusion-toggle-no-divider fusion-toggle-boxed-mode\"><div class=\"panel-heading\"><h4 class=\"panel-title toggle\" id=\"toggle_4fa17feb1cec300c5\"><a aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"4fa17feb1cec300c5\" role=\"button\" data-toggle=\"collapse\" data-parent=\"#accordion-474-3\" data-target=\"#4fa17feb1cec300c5\" href=\"#4fa17feb1cec300c5\"><span class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i class=\"fa-fusion-box active-icon awb-icon-minus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><i class=\"fa-fusion-box inactive-icon awb-icon-plus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fusion-toggle-heading\">The effects of energy drink consumption among young people in Erbil city.<\/span><\/a><\/h4><\/div><div id=\"4fa17feb1cec300c5\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse \" aria-labelledby=\"toggle_4fa17feb1cec300c5\"><div class=\"panel-body toggle-content fusion-clearfix\">\n<p>By: Shivan Khdir<\/p>\n<p>Supervised by Dr. Mohammed Merza<\/p>\n<p><strong>ABSTACT:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>Background and objectives:<\/strong> Despite the\u00a0growing<strong>\u00a0<\/strong>popularity\u00a0of\u00a0electricity<strong>\u00a0<\/strong>drinks consumption, there are\u00a0worries\u00a0related to\u00a0the\u00a0safety\u00a0and effectiveness of this\u00a0type\u00a0of drink. The\u00a0intention<strong>\u00a0<\/strong>of the\u00a0present\u00a0study\u00a0was\u00a0to\u00a0evaluate\u00a0the\u00a0adjustments<strong>\u00a0<\/strong>in blood biochemical parameters in\u00a0young\u00a0people\u00a0in Erbil city.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Material and methods:<\/strong> Twenty\u00a0four wholesome\u00a0male and\u00a0woman\u00a0volunteer\u00a0topics<strong>\u00a0<\/strong>of\u00a0range\u00a019-30 years\u2019 age\u00a0bump off<strong>\u00a0<\/strong>250 ml of Tiger\u00ae beverage per day for one successive day after\u00a0move\u00a0design. The biochemical\u00a0checks\u00a0were\u00a0evaluated\u00a0before\u00a0and after consumption, in the laboratory\u00a0analysis\u00a0the use of\u00a0wellknown\u00a0methods.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Results: <\/strong>There\u00a0have been\u00a0statistically\u00a0great\u00a0reduce\u00a0in serum albumin,\u00a0total\u00a0protein, and GOT\u00a0degrees\u00a0before\u00a0and after consumption of\u00a0energy\u00a0drink (Tiger beverage) (p&lt;0,05). However,\u00a0electricity<strong>\u00a0<\/strong>drink consumption has no\u00a0huge\u00a0variations<strong>\u00a0<\/strong>in serum electrolytes, urea, uric acid, creatinine, glucose, lipid profile, GPT, ALP, amylase, direct and\u00a0whole<strong>\u00a0<\/strong>bilirubin, and minerals.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Conclusion: <\/strong>These\u00a0effects\u00a0confirmed<strong>\u00a0<\/strong>that\u00a0power\u00a0drink consumption\u00a0may\u00a0lead to hepatic\u00a0injuries\u00a0and to\u00a0surprising<strong>\u00a0<\/strong>metabolic modifications. Further\u00a0studies\u00a0are required to elucidate\u00a0whether\u00a0energy\u00a0drinks are a\u00a0safe\u00a0choice\u00a0for athletic and cognitive\u00a0overall performance<strong>\u00a0<\/strong>enhancement.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Key Words: <\/strong>energy drink, public health, hypertension, caffeine, adolescents.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-panel panel-default panel-a836c17c9b0ba3725 fusion-toggle-no-divider fusion-toggle-boxed-mode\"><div class=\"panel-heading\"><h4 class=\"panel-title toggle\" id=\"toggle_a836c17c9b0ba3725\"><a aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"a836c17c9b0ba3725\" role=\"button\" data-toggle=\"collapse\" data-parent=\"#accordion-474-3\" data-target=\"#a836c17c9b0ba3725\" href=\"#a836c17c9b0ba3725\"><span class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i class=\"fa-fusion-box active-icon awb-icon-minus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><i class=\"fa-fusion-box inactive-icon awb-icon-plus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fusion-toggle-heading\">Biochemical activities of phenolic compounds on germination and growth of some plant species.<\/span><\/a><\/h4><\/div><div id=\"a836c17c9b0ba3725\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse \" aria-labelledby=\"toggle_a836c17c9b0ba3725\"><div class=\"panel-body toggle-content fusion-clearfix\">\n<p>Prepared by: Zalal abas Mohammed<\/p>\n<p>Supervised by: Doctor Saber Hamad<\/p>\n<p><strong>Abstract <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Because of spreading the corona virus which is a global issue affected everywhere, that\u2019s why every academic places are closing .and this research was been review research because that there is no laboratory experiment the just reviewed one research which was been done before about the effect of phenolic compound on plant. This study focus on effect of phenolic compound on plant growth and germination. Which phenolic compound was secondary metabolism acts as allelochemical which the effect on the plant. The plant contenting different types of phenolic compounds like (chloragrnic acid, syrigic acid, protocatechuic acid, synoptic acid) was effect on seed germination seeding growth of (<em>Cephalaria syriaca,Triticum aestivum<\/em>). And when four seed placed in each petri dish and add each phenolic in each petri dish the seed germination and seedling growth after seven day. Also that phenolic compound effect on the shoot length, seed germination and root length, shoot dry weight, root dry weight. While the phenolic compound found in different concentration in plant because that the phenolic had different effect on seed germination or plant growth.<\/p>\n<p>Key word: Allelopathy, phenolic compounds, allelochemicals<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-panel panel-default panel-0f679b06bc55a5e31 fusion-toggle-no-divider fusion-toggle-boxed-mode\"><div class=\"panel-heading\"><h4 class=\"panel-title toggle\" id=\"toggle_0f679b06bc55a5e31\"><a aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"0f679b06bc55a5e31\" role=\"button\" data-toggle=\"collapse\" data-parent=\"#accordion-474-3\" data-target=\"#0f679b06bc55a5e31\" href=\"#0f679b06bc55a5e31\"><span class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i class=\"fa-fusion-box active-icon awb-icon-minus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><i class=\"fa-fusion-box inactive-icon awb-icon-plus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fusion-toggle-heading\">Effect of Nigella in oral micro flora<\/span><\/a><\/h4><\/div><div id=\"0f679b06bc55a5e31\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse \" aria-labelledby=\"toggle_0f679b06bc55a5e31\"><div class=\"panel-body toggle-content fusion-clearfix\">\n<p>By:Zana<strong>\u00a0 <\/strong>Hamid<\/p>\n<p>Supervisor :Dr.Sabir<\/p>\n<p><strong>Abstract<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The study of those microorganisms living in the oral cavity is called Oral microbiology. Microbiology is also deals with the relation between these microorganisms and their relation with hosts as well. (Lamont, Hajishengallis&amp; Jenkinson 2014) Oral cavity is compassed of throat, tongue, teeth, gums and cheeks.(Amerongen&amp;Veerman 2002 ) It is the most complicated ecosystem for microbes in the human body. The oral cavity in human being is clean and sterile at the time of birth but it would be covered by fungi, bacteria or protozoa day by day. Moreover, it is the place where some microorganisms would live in for either a short period or long period. These microorganisms are either useful or harmful. When they get suitable conditions the start to grow up in oral cavity and many of them cause health disorders. There are some health problems caused by oral microorganisms that can cause even death. For example Candida albinos, If there reproduction exceeds normal range they will control our digestion system and it causes problems in human immunity system.<\/p>\n<p>Nigella sativa can be used to control oral microorganisms. To show this we tried the disk diffusion of Kirby-Bauer. We used Muller Hinton and MacConky agars. 26g of Muller Hinton agar and 26g of MacConky agar are poured in to 500ml distilled water. Then they are autoclaved (pressure cooked) at 121<sup>0<\/sup>c for twenty minutes. We tried to culture microorganism from our mouth. By using swab we put the cultured microorganism into four petri dishes. We bring ten grams of black seed then we grind them by using stone grinder for about twenty minutes. After that, we power the grind black seed into 200ml of distilled water. Then we put this sample into the four petri dishes. We put the dishes into an incubator at 37<sup>0<\/sup>c temperature for twenty fourhours. At a result we see that there is an obvious effect of the sample on the microorganism in fact the sample is nigella sativa and it can be observed that the microorganism are killed or controlled. The aim of this research is to show how nigella sativa effects the grow of oral microorganism.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><div class=\"nav fusion-mobile-tab-nav\"><ul class=\"nav-tabs nav-justified\" role=\"tablist\"><li role=\"presentation\"><a class=\"tab-link\" data-toggle=\"tab\" role=\"tab\" aria-controls=\"tab-a3805e4ddc7179051da\" aria-selected=\"false\" tabindex=\"-1\" id=\"mobile-fusion-tab-2021-2022\" href=\"#tab-a3805e4ddc7179051da\"><h4 class=\"fusion-tab-heading\">2021-2022<\/h4><\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div class=\"tab-pane fade fusion-clearfix\" role=\"tabpanel\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-labelledby=\"fusion-tab-2021-2022\" id=\"tab-a3805e4ddc7179051da\"><div class=\"accordian fusion-accordian\" style=\"--awb-border-size:0px;--awb-icon-size:25px;--awb-content-font-size:15px;--awb-icon-alignment:left;--awb-hover-color:#ffffff;--awb-border-color:#e7e4e2;--awb-background-color:#ffffff;--awb-divider-color:#e7e4e2;--awb-divider-hover-color:#e7e4e2;--awb-icon-color:#f09a3e;--awb-title-color:#ef9a3d;--awb-content-color:#7e8890;--awb-icon-box-color:#333333;--awb-toggle-hover-accent-color:#f09a3e;--awb-title-font-family:&quot;Open Sans&quot;;--awb-title-font-weight:700;--awb-title-font-style:normal;--awb-title-font-size:15px;--awb-content-font-family:&quot;Open Sans&quot;;--awb-content-font-style:normal;--awb-content-font-weight:400;\"><div class=\"panel-group fusion-toggle-icon-unboxed\" id=\"accordion-474-4\"><div class=\"fusion-panel panel-default panel-636a4a1687b4974c3 fusion-toggle-no-divider fusion-toggle-boxed-mode\"><div class=\"panel-heading\"><h4 class=\"panel-title toggle\" id=\"toggle_636a4a1687b4974c3\"><a aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"636a4a1687b4974c3\" role=\"button\" data-toggle=\"collapse\" data-parent=\"#accordion-474-4\" data-target=\"#636a4a1687b4974c3\" href=\"#636a4a1687b4974c3\"><span class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i class=\"fa-fusion-box active-icon awb-icon-minus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><i class=\"fa-fusion-box inactive-icon awb-icon-plus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fusion-toggle-heading\">Antimicrobial Evaluation Saussurea Costus (Falc.) Lipsch<\/span><\/a><\/h4><\/div><div id=\"636a4a1687b4974c3\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse \" aria-labelledby=\"toggle_636a4a1687b4974c3\"><div class=\"panel-body toggle-content fusion-clearfix\">\n<p>By: 1.Afnan Abdurrahman<br \/>\n2.Rayan Sardar<br \/>\n3.Maria Othman<\/p>\n<p>Supervised by: Dr. Mahmoud Abdulrahman Dogara<\/p>\n<p><strong>Abstract<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Traditional medicinal plants with potential have contributed considerably<br \/>\nto the development and history of the contemporary healthcare system.<br \/>\nPlants with medical properties continue to be the sole viable option, as<br \/>\nthey gain worldwide acceptance and acknowledgment. Global microbial<br \/>\nresistance has necessitated the research of plant parts for the development<br \/>\nof effective antimicrobial medicines. The study aimed to evaluate<br \/>\nSaussurea costus against some selected Gram-positive and Gram-negative<br \/>\nbacterial strains. Material and methods: ethanolic and aqueous extract was<br \/>\nused against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli using two<br \/>\ndifferent concentrations 1 and 2 g\/mL, respectively, using the ager method.<br \/>\nThe moderate zone of inhibition was recorded with both extract with the<br \/>\nhighest inhibition zone of aqueous extract against S. aureus 4 mm. The<br \/>\nfound the aqueous extract to be effective against all tested strains with<br \/>\nmoderate zone of inhibition. The study recommends further studies on the<br \/>\ncrude extract to identify the active constituent of the plant.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"accordian fusion-accordian\" style=\"--awb-border-size:0px;--awb-icon-size:25px;--awb-content-font-size:15px;--awb-icon-alignment:left;--awb-hover-color:#ffffff;--awb-border-color:#e7e4e2;--awb-background-color:#ffffff;--awb-divider-color:#e7e4e2;--awb-divider-hover-color:#e7e4e2;--awb-icon-color:#f09a3e;--awb-title-color:#ef9a3d;--awb-content-color:#7e8890;--awb-icon-box-color:#333333;--awb-toggle-hover-accent-color:#f09a3e;--awb-title-font-family:&quot;Open Sans&quot;;--awb-title-font-weight:700;--awb-title-font-style:normal;--awb-title-font-size:15px;--awb-content-font-family:&quot;Open Sans&quot;;--awb-content-font-style:normal;--awb-content-font-weight:400;\"><div class=\"panel-group fusion-toggle-icon-unboxed\" id=\"accordion-474-5\"><div class=\"fusion-panel panel-default panel-3499d2256a3485e55 fusion-toggle-no-divider fusion-toggle-boxed-mode\"><div class=\"panel-heading\"><h4 class=\"panel-title toggle\" id=\"toggle_3499d2256a3485e55\"><a aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"3499d2256a3485e55\" role=\"button\" data-toggle=\"collapse\" data-parent=\"#accordion-474-5\" data-target=\"#3499d2256a3485e55\" href=\"#3499d2256a3485e55\"><span class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i class=\"fa-fusion-box active-icon awb-icon-minus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><i class=\"fa-fusion-box inactive-icon awb-icon-plus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fusion-toggle-heading\">Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Covid-19 In Kurdistan<br \/>\nRegion of Iraq <\/span><\/a><\/h4><\/div><div id=\"3499d2256a3485e55\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse \" aria-labelledby=\"toggle_3499d2256a3485e55\"><div class=\"panel-body toggle-content fusion-clearfix\">\n<p>By: 1.Ahmad Fathullah Hassan<br \/>\n2.Dahat Nawzad Abdulrazaq<br \/>\n3.Rawa Ibrahim Muhammad<\/p>\n<p>Supervised by: Dr. Mahmoud Abdulrahman Dogara<\/p>\n<p><strong>Abstract<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Coronaviruses are enveloped, positive single\u2010stranded large RNA<br \/>\nviruses that infect people, but also a good range of animals. The virus<br \/>\nwas discovered in 1960 as a single stranded RNA with a wide range of<br \/>\ncharacteristics. The new coronavirus results in complicated health<br \/>\nproblems all over the world. Also results in the depletion of the world<br \/>\neconomy. To determine the level of awareness of the people of Kurdistan<br \/>\nToward prevention of Covid-19 in the Region. Methodology: Non<br \/>\npurposive sampling was employed in the study with the aid of an in-depth<br \/>\ninterview guide. The research was conducted was conducted from 20th of<br \/>\nOctober 2021 to10th of March 2022. Data had computed based on the<br \/>\nadminister questionnaire and subjected to statistical analysis at p&gt;0.005<br \/>\nusing SPSS software. Good levels of knowledge and practice, with both<br \/>\npositive and negative attitudes, were shown among participants. The study<br \/>\nfound an affirmative relationship between attitudes and knowledge and<br \/>\nthe resulting practice. The study found people of Kurdistan are well<br \/>\nknowledgeable on preventing themselves from gotten infected from Covid<br \/>\n19 virus. The study recommends continue sensitization of the populace of<br \/>\nKurdistan by the government and other nongovernmental organisation to<br \/>\navoid widespread of any kind of pandemic in future.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"accordian fusion-accordian\" style=\"--awb-border-size:0px;--awb-icon-size:25px;--awb-content-font-size:15px;--awb-icon-alignment:left;--awb-hover-color:#ffffff;--awb-border-color:#e7e4e2;--awb-background-color:#ffffff;--awb-divider-color:#e7e4e2;--awb-divider-hover-color:#e7e4e2;--awb-icon-color:#f09a3e;--awb-title-color:#ef9a3d;--awb-content-color:#7e8890;--awb-icon-box-color:#333333;--awb-toggle-hover-accent-color:#f09a3e;--awb-title-font-family:&quot;Open Sans&quot;;--awb-title-font-weight:700;--awb-title-font-style:normal;--awb-title-font-size:15px;--awb-content-font-family:&quot;Open Sans&quot;;--awb-content-font-style:normal;--awb-content-font-weight:400;\"><div class=\"panel-group fusion-toggle-icon-unboxed\" id=\"accordion-474-6\"><div class=\"fusion-panel panel-default panel-ccce94685e206048a fusion-toggle-no-divider fusion-toggle-boxed-mode\"><div class=\"panel-heading\"><h4 class=\"panel-title toggle\" id=\"toggle_ccce94685e206048a\"><a aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"ccce94685e206048a\" role=\"button\" data-toggle=\"collapse\" data-parent=\"#accordion-474-6\" data-target=\"#ccce94685e206048a\" href=\"#ccce94685e206048a\"><span class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i class=\"fa-fusion-box active-icon awb-icon-minus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><i class=\"fa-fusion-box inactive-icon awb-icon-plus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fusion-toggle-heading\">Common mutations of beta thalassemia among Kurdish<br \/>\npopulation in Erbil <\/span><\/a><\/h4><\/div><div id=\"ccce94685e206048a\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse \" aria-labelledby=\"toggle_ccce94685e206048a\"><div class=\"panel-body toggle-content fusion-clearfix\">\n<p>By: 1Muhammed Burhan<br \/>\n2.Deraw Ahmed<br \/>\n3.Ahmed Muhammed<\/p>\n<p>Supervised by: Mr.Harmand A. Hama<\/p>\n<p><strong>Abstract<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Beta thalassemia is an autosomal genetic disorder which appears in a<br \/>\nrecessive form due to mutations in HBB gene. Currently there are more<br \/>\nthan 200 mutations that occur in HBB gene which results in deficiency to<br \/>\nproduce beta globulin protein chain which phenotypically can be<br \/>\npresented as major, minor, and intermediate. So, the aim of this study is to<br \/>\nreport the common mutations of beta thalassemia among Kurdish<br \/>\npopulation in Erbil, Kurdistan region of Iraq.The data was collected from<br \/>\nZhin International Hospital in Erbil, and the frequency analyses method<br \/>\nhas been applied. A total of 48 samples were studied. The peripheral blood<br \/>\nsamples of the cases stored at -20\u02daC until DNA extraction. 16 different<br \/>\nmutations in HBB gene have been detected among 48 samples, the<br \/>\nfrequency of detection was IVS2-1G&gt;A, then followed by IVS-1-5G&gt;C<br \/>\n(14.583%), IVS1-1G&gt;A, CD 8 (-AA), IVS1-110G&gt;A, IVS1+6T&gt;C, E6V,<br \/>\ncd8\/9+G, E121Q, CD 36\/37 (-T), c.-138 C&gt;T, CD 2 CAT&gt;CAC, CD 44 -C, IVSII-16 G&lt;C, cd39C&gt;T, and c.\u221280T&gt;A respectively. Moreover, in regards to<br \/>\nzygosity among detected variations 42 were heterozygous, 4 mutations<br \/>\nwere homozygous, and 2 were compound heterozygous. In conclusion,<br \/>\ndetection of common mutations in HBB gene among Kurdish patients in<br \/>\nErbil facilitate us to provide more information about beta thalassemia in<br \/>\nKurdistan region. Moreover, based on our findings, the high frequency and<br \/>\ndistribution of common mutations, can be shows that \u03b2-thalassemia as the<br \/>\npublic health problem in Erbil.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"accordian fusion-accordian\" style=\"--awb-border-size:0px;--awb-icon-size:25px;--awb-content-font-size:15px;--awb-icon-alignment:left;--awb-hover-color:#ffffff;--awb-border-color:#e7e4e2;--awb-background-color:#ffffff;--awb-divider-color:#e7e4e2;--awb-divider-hover-color:#e7e4e2;--awb-icon-color:#f09a3e;--awb-title-color:#ef9a3d;--awb-content-color:#7e8890;--awb-icon-box-color:#333333;--awb-toggle-hover-accent-color:#f09a3e;--awb-title-font-family:&quot;Open Sans&quot;;--awb-title-font-weight:700;--awb-title-font-style:normal;--awb-title-font-size:15px;--awb-content-font-family:&quot;Open Sans&quot;;--awb-content-font-style:normal;--awb-content-font-weight:400;\"><div class=\"panel-group fusion-toggle-icon-unboxed\" id=\"accordion-474-7\"><div class=\"fusion-panel panel-default panel-229309259a42a7bc8 fusion-toggle-no-divider fusion-toggle-boxed-mode\"><div class=\"panel-heading\"><h4 class=\"panel-title toggle\" id=\"toggle_229309259a42a7bc8\"><a aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"229309259a42a7bc8\" role=\"button\" data-toggle=\"collapse\" data-parent=\"#accordion-474-7\" data-target=\"#229309259a42a7bc8\" href=\"#229309259a42a7bc8\"><span class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i class=\"fa-fusion-box active-icon awb-icon-minus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><i class=\"fa-fusion-box inactive-icon awb-icon-plus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fusion-toggle-heading\">Effect of Opiorphin and Alpha Ii Spectrin Breakdown Product<br \/>\non Insulin Resistance Lipid Profile Calcium Vitamin D and<br \/>\nMagnisium in Pre-Eclampsia<\/span><\/a><\/h4><\/div><div id=\"229309259a42a7bc8\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse \" aria-labelledby=\"toggle_229309259a42a7bc8\"><div class=\"panel-body toggle-content fusion-clearfix\">\n<p>By: 1.Aras Zikri<br \/>\n2.Hiwa Hmid<\/p>\n<p>Supervised by: Dr.Muhammed Mirza<\/p>\n<p><strong>Abstract<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>This study aimed to establish a prognostic model for prediction pre\u0002eclampsia, by assessing the predictive value of the opiorphin and alpha-II<br \/>\nspectrin breakdown product to rule out the onset of pre-eclampsia, as well<br \/>\nas to develop a specific biomarkers to aid in diagnosis, prognosis, and<br \/>\nprediction of pre-eclampsia.The study was conducted on a total of 70 pre\u0002eclampsia patients who have visited hawler medical center between 2021-<br \/>\n2022. The random sample collected data has included age and gender in a<br \/>\ncase of this year, and treatment which patient has taken. Frequency and<br \/>\npercentage analysis has included SPSS program version 26. Although no<br \/>\nsignificant difference was seen in newborn&#8217;s weight and head<br \/>\ncircumference between the two groups, mean newborns\u2019 length (51.3 \u00b1<br \/>\n1.7 vs. 50.3 \u00b1 1.2 cm, P = 0.03) was significantly higher in opiorphin and<br \/>\nalpha ii spectrin group than that in the placebo group. Compared to the<br \/>\nplacebo, consumption of opiorphin and alpha ii spectrin resulted in<br \/>\nincreased levels of serum calcium (+0.19 vs. \u22120.08 mg\/dL, P = 0.03),<br \/>\nmagnesium (+0.15 vs. \u22120.08 mg\/dL, P = 0.03), zinc (+8.25 vs. \u221221.38<br \/>\nmg\/dL, P = 0.001) and Vitamin D (+3.79 vs. \u22121.37 ng\/ml, P = 0.01) .In<br \/>\nconclusion opiorphin and alpha ii spectrin in 9 week resulted in increased<br \/>\nnewborn&#8217;s length, increased circulating levels of maternal serum calcium,<br \/>\nmagnesium, zinc and Vitamin D.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"accordian fusion-accordian\" style=\"--awb-border-size:0px;--awb-icon-size:25px;--awb-content-font-size:15px;--awb-icon-alignment:left;--awb-hover-color:#ffffff;--awb-border-color:#e7e4e2;--awb-background-color:#ffffff;--awb-divider-color:#e7e4e2;--awb-divider-hover-color:#e7e4e2;--awb-icon-color:#f09a3e;--awb-title-color:#ef9a3d;--awb-content-color:#7e8890;--awb-icon-box-color:#333333;--awb-toggle-hover-accent-color:#f09a3e;--awb-title-font-family:&quot;Open Sans&quot;;--awb-title-font-weight:700;--awb-title-font-style:normal;--awb-title-font-size:15px;--awb-content-font-family:&quot;Open Sans&quot;;--awb-content-font-style:normal;--awb-content-font-weight:400;\"><div class=\"panel-group fusion-toggle-icon-unboxed\" id=\"accordion-474-8\"><div class=\"fusion-panel panel-default panel-152abe94467a36218 fusion-toggle-no-divider fusion-toggle-boxed-mode\"><div class=\"panel-heading\"><h4 class=\"panel-title toggle\" id=\"toggle_152abe94467a36218\"><a aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"152abe94467a36218\" role=\"button\" data-toggle=\"collapse\" data-parent=\"#accordion-474-8\" data-target=\"#152abe94467a36218\" href=\"#152abe94467a36218\"><span class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i class=\"fa-fusion-box active-icon awb-icon-minus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><i class=\"fa-fusion-box inactive-icon awb-icon-plus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fusion-toggle-heading\">Socioeconomic Status of Breast Cancer Kurdish Patients in<br \/>\nErbil<\/span><\/a><\/h4><\/div><div id=\"152abe94467a36218\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse \" aria-labelledby=\"toggle_152abe94467a36218\"><div class=\"panel-body toggle-content fusion-clearfix\">\n<p>By: 1.Avan Saadi<br \/>\n2.Shivan Ibrahim<br \/>\n3.Shiraz Sarbast<\/p>\n<p>Supervised by: Mr.Harmand A. Hama<\/p>\n<p><strong>Abstract<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women, which is<br \/>\nconsidered as multifactorial disease that several factors have including<br \/>\nage, gender, family history and socioeconomic status of the patient have<br \/>\nimpact on its incidence. Accordingly, the aim of the current study was to<br \/>\ninvestigate the influence of socioeconomic, cultural habits, and patients\u2019<br \/>\nawareness on breast cancer incidence and prognosis among patients in<br \/>\nErbil, Kurdistan region of Iraq.The study was conducted using direct<br \/>\ninterviewing of 67 patients who were visiting Nanakaly Hospital to get<br \/>\ntheir chemotherapy and\/or other needed treatments between November<br \/>\n2021, and March 2022. The interview was done based on a questioner that<br \/>\nhave been prepared by researchers. The questioner focused on<br \/>\ndemographic status, personal and familial educational background,<br \/>\neconomic status, and patients\u2019 awareness toward the breast cancer. For<br \/>\nthe collected data frequency and correlation analysis have performed. The<br \/>\nage of patients was between 25 to &gt;60 years old, and 86.56% of<br \/>\nparticipants were living in Erbil city center. Moreover, most of the patients<br \/>\n47 were illiterate or having only basic education and the majority 82%<br \/>\nwere unemployed while only 13.5 % were employed. Furthermore, the<br \/>\nfrequency analysis regarding to the economic have shown that, among the<br \/>\npatients 70% were in middle class, whereas 15% were both high and low<br \/>\neconomic class patient. In addition, correlation analysis has showed that<br \/>\nbreast self-examination has negative and weak correlation with stages of<br \/>\ndiagnosing as (r= -0.127, Pearson Correlation), however, this correlation<br \/>\nis not statistically significant (P= 0.304, OR 0.520, CI 0.236-1.114).<br \/>\nBesides, Breast self-examination have positive and strong as well as<br \/>\nstatistically highly significant correlation with patient\u2019s doctor visited the<br \/>\nbefore being diagnosed as (r= 0.843, P value= 0.00001, OR 0.356 95% CI 0.0084-0.70). In addition, the reasons why they didn\u2019t visit the doctor<br \/>\nbefore being diagnosed had also positive and significant correlation (r=<br \/>\n0.365, P value= 0.015, OR 0.112 95% CI 0.075-0.188). In conclusion, it can<br \/>\nbe stated that patient\u2019s awareness such breast self-examination and<br \/>\nregular doctor visiting which are influenced by socioeconomic status might<br \/>\nhave vital role on breast cancer incidence and prognosis among Kurdish<br \/>\npatients<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"accordian fusion-accordian\" style=\"--awb-border-size:0px;--awb-icon-size:25px;--awb-content-font-size:15px;--awb-icon-alignment:left;--awb-hover-color:#ffffff;--awb-border-color:#e7e4e2;--awb-background-color:#ffffff;--awb-divider-color:#e7e4e2;--awb-divider-hover-color:#e7e4e2;--awb-icon-color:#f09a3e;--awb-title-color:#ef9a3d;--awb-content-color:#7e8890;--awb-icon-box-color:#333333;--awb-toggle-hover-accent-color:#f09a3e;--awb-title-font-family:&quot;Open Sans&quot;;--awb-title-font-weight:700;--awb-title-font-style:normal;--awb-title-font-size:15px;--awb-content-font-family:&quot;Open Sans&quot;;--awb-content-font-style:normal;--awb-content-font-weight:400;\"><div class=\"panel-group fusion-toggle-icon-unboxed\" id=\"accordion-474-9\"><div class=\"fusion-panel panel-default panel-0b85a29df627545c1 fusion-toggle-no-divider fusion-toggle-boxed-mode\"><div class=\"panel-heading\"><h4 class=\"panel-title toggle\" id=\"toggle_0b85a29df627545c1\"><a aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"0b85a29df627545c1\" role=\"button\" data-toggle=\"collapse\" data-parent=\"#accordion-474-9\" data-target=\"#0b85a29df627545c1\" href=\"#0b85a29df627545c1\"><span class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i class=\"fa-fusion-box active-icon awb-icon-minus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><i class=\"fa-fusion-box inactive-icon awb-icon-plus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fusion-toggle-heading\">Ethnobotany of medicinal plants used in Erbil-Kurdistan<br \/>\nRegion of Iraq <\/span><\/a><\/h4><\/div><div id=\"0b85a29df627545c1\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse \" aria-labelledby=\"toggle_0b85a29df627545c1\"><div class=\"panel-body toggle-content fusion-clearfix\">\n<p>By: 1.Bahra Dilshad Hassan<br \/>\n2.Isra Sarok Naseh<br \/>\n3.Akar Fatih Osman<\/p>\n<p>Supervised by: Dr.Sabir Wasman<\/p>\n<p><strong>Abstract<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Diabetes is a chronic health condition that affects the body\u2019s sugar level in<br \/>\nblood. It is a very serious disorder nowadays worldwide specially in<br \/>\nKurdistan Region. The major aim of this study was ethnobotanical study to<br \/>\nidentify and how far Erbil patients depend on different medicinal plants for<br \/>\nthe treatment of Diabetes.Erbil City, 40 people were interviewed who<br \/>\nwere experiencing chronicdiabetic. The interview was based<br \/>\non questionnaires which consisted of a variety of<br \/>\nquestions. Additionally, there was a visit to 15 traditional herbalist and<br \/>\ncollection numbers of medicinal plants. The study interviewed 40<br \/>\nrespondents of the total number of interviews 57.7% happened to be<br \/>\nwomen and 42.5%were men. Most patient cases were 40% from age 40-<br \/>\n50 and the least patient cases were 2.5% from age (20-30, 70-80) people<br \/>\nwith infected diabetes. Out of a total of 40 interviews with patient of<br \/>\ndiabetic and got the names of 73 plants were documented from 35<br \/>\nfamilies which Lamiaceae was having the highest abundance whereas,<br \/>\nLinaceae family was the least. Leaf parts were the most utilized part of<br \/>\nplant which was 45%. The usage of medicinal plants from patients<br \/>\nmostly combines 75% while about 25% were used as single. Most plants<br \/>\nreported to be mixed 37% of medicinal plants and least of plants were seed<br \/>\nfires 7% respectively. Most mode of administration of plants were drunk<br \/>\n47% and 8% of people tend to chew. Approximately 51% those medicinal<br \/>\nplants can be found in Kurdistan Region from 73 plants were<br \/>\ndocumented.The study found that Kurdish people are into using medicinal<br \/>\nplants for health care to cure diabetes disease rather than using pharmacological drugs. The interviewed individuals<br \/>\nbelieved that there could be a benefit from medicinal plants for their<br \/>\nsituation.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"accordian fusion-accordian\" style=\"--awb-border-size:0px;--awb-icon-size:25px;--awb-content-font-size:15px;--awb-icon-alignment:left;--awb-hover-color:#ffffff;--awb-border-color:#e7e4e2;--awb-background-color:#ffffff;--awb-divider-color:#e7e4e2;--awb-divider-hover-color:#e7e4e2;--awb-icon-color:#f09a3e;--awb-title-color:#ef9a3d;--awb-content-color:#7e8890;--awb-icon-box-color:#333333;--awb-toggle-hover-accent-color:#f09a3e;--awb-title-font-family:&quot;Open Sans&quot;;--awb-title-font-weight:700;--awb-title-font-style:normal;--awb-title-font-size:15px;--awb-content-font-family:&quot;Open Sans&quot;;--awb-content-font-style:normal;--awb-content-font-weight:400;\"><div class=\"panel-group fusion-toggle-icon-unboxed\" id=\"accordion-474-10\"><div class=\"fusion-panel panel-default panel-771a03f84578c9879 fusion-toggle-no-divider fusion-toggle-boxed-mode\"><div class=\"panel-heading\"><h4 class=\"panel-title toggle\" id=\"toggle_771a03f84578c9879\"><a aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"771a03f84578c9879\" role=\"button\" data-toggle=\"collapse\" data-parent=\"#accordion-474-10\" data-target=\"#771a03f84578c9879\" href=\"#771a03f84578c9879\"><span class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i class=\"fa-fusion-box active-icon awb-icon-minus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><i class=\"fa-fusion-box inactive-icon awb-icon-plus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fusion-toggle-heading\">Medicinal Plants Used for Immune Booster in The Kurdistan<br \/>\nRegion, Iraq <\/span><\/a><\/h4><\/div><div id=\"771a03f84578c9879\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse \" aria-labelledby=\"toggle_771a03f84578c9879\"><div class=\"panel-body toggle-content fusion-clearfix\">\n<p>By: 1.Delan Hassan<br \/>\n2.Bahar Omer<br \/>\n3.Fatima Salih<\/p>\n<p>Supervised by: Dr. Mahmoud Abdulrahman Dogara<\/p>\n<p><strong>Abstract<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Currently, there is no standard treatment for most viral infections in the<br \/>\nworld. To improve the immune system, it is vital to recommend the use of<br \/>\nplant extracts. Medicinal plants are the finest way to boost our immune<br \/>\nsystem naturally. The study aimed to document medicinal plants<br \/>\ntraditionally used by the Kurdish people in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq.<br \/>\nMethodology: Expert sampling method was utilised in the study with an in\u0002depth interview guide. The study interviewed 20 respondents with<br \/>\ndominance of men 90 and women 10 %, respectively. Among the interview<br \/>\nrespondents, only 35% did not attend western education. Fourty one<br \/>\nmedicinal plants were documented from 22 families with Compositae (6)<br \/>\nhaving the highest abundance, followed by Fabaceae and Lamiaceae 5<br \/>\nspecies, respectively. Leaf is the most utilised part, followed by root and<br \/>\nwhole plant at 36.1, 18.0, and 13.1 %, respectively. All plants are reported<br \/>\nto be boiled or macerated with water and drunk until fully recovered.<br \/>\nHighest fidelity value was recorded as 85% for P. atlantica, T. campylodes,<br \/>\nA. propinquus, G. kola, R. communis, R. officinalis and C. sinensis<br \/>\nrespectively, the least are those with 55% fidelity value. The study found<br \/>\nthat Kurdish people are consistently utilising medicinal plants for their<br \/>\nwellbeing. High fidelity values are found in the documented medicinal<br \/>\nplants. This study provides useful information for various fields, especially<br \/>\nin exploring the plant parts as a source of lead for future development in<br \/>\nthe production of herbal medicine and in the pharmaceutical industry.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"accordian fusion-accordian\" style=\"--awb-border-size:0px;--awb-icon-size:25px;--awb-content-font-size:15px;--awb-icon-alignment:left;--awb-hover-color:#ffffff;--awb-border-color:#e7e4e2;--awb-background-color:#ffffff;--awb-divider-color:#e7e4e2;--awb-divider-hover-color:#e7e4e2;--awb-icon-color:#f09a3e;--awb-title-color:#ef9a3d;--awb-content-color:#7e8890;--awb-icon-box-color:#333333;--awb-toggle-hover-accent-color:#f09a3e;--awb-title-font-family:&quot;Open Sans&quot;;--awb-title-font-weight:700;--awb-title-font-style:normal;--awb-title-font-size:15px;--awb-content-font-family:&quot;Open Sans&quot;;--awb-content-font-style:normal;--awb-content-font-weight:400;\"><div class=\"panel-group fusion-toggle-icon-unboxed\" id=\"accordion-474-11\"><div class=\"fusion-panel panel-default panel-a2a6f0fc358a68443 fusion-toggle-no-divider fusion-toggle-boxed-mode\"><div class=\"panel-heading\"><h4 class=\"panel-title toggle\" id=\"toggle_a2a6f0fc358a68443\"><a aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"a2a6f0fc358a68443\" role=\"button\" data-toggle=\"collapse\" data-parent=\"#accordion-474-11\" data-target=\"#a2a6f0fc358a68443\" href=\"#a2a6f0fc358a68443\"><span class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i class=\"fa-fusion-box active-icon awb-icon-minus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><i class=\"fa-fusion-box inactive-icon awb-icon-plus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fusion-toggle-heading\">The Use of Dietary Supplements Among Undergraduated<br \/>\nStudents of Tishk International University <\/span><\/a><\/h4><\/div><div id=\"a2a6f0fc358a68443\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse \" aria-labelledby=\"toggle_a2a6f0fc358a68443\"><div class=\"panel-body toggle-content fusion-clearfix\">\n<p>By: 1.Kani Rasu Issa<br \/>\n2.Shukria Taha Sewdin<br \/>\n3.Zaynab Sabah Shareef<\/p>\n<p>Supervised by: Ms.Sawsan S. Al-Rawi<\/p>\n<p><strong>Abstract<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Dietary supplements are substances that can be used to obtain particular<br \/>\nnutrients to be added to our diet to maintain a health status or<br \/>\nperformance which extracted from food sources or synthetic. Dietary<br \/>\nsupplements are offered in tablets, capsules, powders, or pills. Generally, it<br \/>\nis used to avoid illness, overhaul mental and common wellbeing, improve<br \/>\nwear execution, and compensate for dietary lacks. The aim of this study is<br \/>\nto assess the use of dietary supplements among undergraduate students of<br \/>\nhealth and non-health faculties in Tishk international university. A<br \/>\nquestionnaire survey method was conducted among undergraduate<br \/>\nstudents of TIU in Erbil capital of Kurdistan region in Iraq. The<br \/>\nquestionnaire was randomly distributed and consists of 3 sections: the<br \/>\nfirst section includes the demographic information of the participants,<br \/>\nsecond section included types of dietary supplements, reasons for use and<br \/>\nexperience, and third section included student opinions, attitude, and<br \/>\nsource of information regarding dietary supplement. Data from 250<br \/>\nparticipants was collected. The overall prevalence of dietary supplements<br \/>\nused was (96%). The most common reason for use of those supplements<br \/>\nwas general health and well-being (24,8%), and the most commonly used<br \/>\nsupplement was multivitamin (32%). The majority of students (82.4%)<br \/>\ndid not suffer from any adverse drug reaction (ADR) that could be<br \/>\nattributed to supplement use, and students (86.4%) agreed that DS were<br \/>\ngood for health, however, recommended their use based on a physician\u2019s<br \/>\nrecommendation (83.2%). Most students (68.8%) had an opinion that<br \/>\nusing DS is necessary for all ages, however, (40.4%) of students mentioned<br \/>\nhealthcare professionals as their source of information regarding dietary<br \/>\nsupplement. The students who used dietary supplements tend to incorporate these products into their lifestyles as part of a broader focus<br \/>\non healthy living. The most common supplements were brand products<br \/>\nand, multivitamins, and used for general health and well-being.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"accordian fusion-accordian\" style=\"--awb-border-size:0px;--awb-icon-size:25px;--awb-content-font-size:15px;--awb-icon-alignment:left;--awb-hover-color:#ffffff;--awb-border-color:#e7e4e2;--awb-background-color:#ffffff;--awb-divider-color:#e7e4e2;--awb-divider-hover-color:#e7e4e2;--awb-icon-color:#f09a3e;--awb-title-color:#ef9a3d;--awb-content-color:#7e8890;--awb-icon-box-color:#333333;--awb-toggle-hover-accent-color:#f09a3e;--awb-title-font-family:&quot;Open Sans&quot;;--awb-title-font-weight:700;--awb-title-font-style:normal;--awb-title-font-size:15px;--awb-content-font-family:&quot;Open Sans&quot;;--awb-content-font-style:normal;--awb-content-font-weight:400;\"><div class=\"panel-group fusion-toggle-icon-unboxed\" id=\"accordion-474-12\"><div class=\"fusion-panel panel-default panel-0d7e014e10c700615 fusion-toggle-no-divider fusion-toggle-boxed-mode\"><div class=\"panel-heading\"><h4 class=\"panel-title toggle\" id=\"toggle_0d7e014e10c700615\"><a aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"0d7e014e10c700615\" role=\"button\" data-toggle=\"collapse\" data-parent=\"#accordion-474-12\" data-target=\"#0d7e014e10c700615\" href=\"#0d7e014e10c700615\"><span class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i class=\"fa-fusion-box active-icon awb-icon-minus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><i class=\"fa-fusion-box inactive-icon awb-icon-plus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fusion-toggle-heading\">Prevalence and Demographic status of Multiple Sclerosis<br \/>\nPatients in Sulaymaniyah, Iraq <\/span><\/a><\/h4><\/div><div id=\"0d7e014e10c700615\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse \" aria-labelledby=\"toggle_0d7e014e10c700615\"><div class=\"panel-body toggle-content fusion-clearfix\">\n<p>By: 1.Krdar Saeed<br \/>\n2.Sebur Hamad<br \/>\n3.Ahmad Ismail<\/p>\n<p>Supervised by: Mr.Harmand A. Hama<\/p>\n<p><strong>Abstract<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Multiple sclerosis is a chronic disease of spinal cord and brain. There is<br \/>\nexpand rate of prevalence as well as distribution of MS in the developed<br \/>\ncountries as well as in the non-developed ones. The aim of the current<br \/>\nstudy was to determine the existed prevalence and demographic status of<br \/>\nmultiple sclerosis patient in Sulaymaniyah, Kurdistan region of Iraq. The<br \/>\nstudy was conducted on a total of 466 MS patients who have visited<br \/>\nSulaymaniyah Teaching Hospital and Shar Hospital in Sulaymaniyah<br \/>\nbetween 2007 to 2021. The collected data has included age, gender, cases<br \/>\nper year, and treatments which patients has taken. Frequency and<br \/>\npercentage analysis has conducted using SPSS program. Among the<br \/>\npatients 70.6% were female and 29.4% were male with female to male<br \/>\nratio of 2.4 with mean of age 29.7. From 2007 to 2013 the population of<br \/>\nSulaymaniyah was 579,571 and during these years 131 MS patients were<br \/>\nregistered, thus MS occurrence was 22.6 per 100,000 population. Then, the<br \/>\nratio has dramatically increased after 2013. As from 2014 to 2021, the<br \/>\npopulation of Sulaymaniyah was 694,875 and during these years 355<br \/>\npatients were registered, consequently, MS incidence was 51.088 per<br \/>\n100,000 population. In conclusion, the incidence and prevalence of MS are<br \/>\nsignificantly increasing. Thus, it can be stated that Sulaymaniyah is now a<br \/>\nmedium-to-high risk area for MS.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"accordian fusion-accordian\" style=\"--awb-border-size:0px;--awb-icon-size:25px;--awb-content-font-size:15px;--awb-icon-alignment:left;--awb-hover-color:#ffffff;--awb-border-color:#e7e4e2;--awb-background-color:#ffffff;--awb-divider-color:#e7e4e2;--awb-divider-hover-color:#e7e4e2;--awb-icon-color:#f09a3e;--awb-title-color:#ef9a3d;--awb-content-color:#7e8890;--awb-icon-box-color:#333333;--awb-toggle-hover-accent-color:#f09a3e;--awb-title-font-family:&quot;Open Sans&quot;;--awb-title-font-weight:700;--awb-title-font-style:normal;--awb-title-font-size:15px;--awb-content-font-family:&quot;Open Sans&quot;;--awb-content-font-style:normal;--awb-content-font-weight:400;\"><div class=\"panel-group fusion-toggle-icon-unboxed\" id=\"accordion-474-13\"><div class=\"fusion-panel panel-default panel-31df20fcaa0598df4 fusion-toggle-no-divider fusion-toggle-boxed-mode\"><div class=\"panel-heading\"><h4 class=\"panel-title toggle\" id=\"toggle_31df20fcaa0598df4\"><a aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"31df20fcaa0598df4\" role=\"button\" data-toggle=\"collapse\" data-parent=\"#accordion-474-13\" data-target=\"#31df20fcaa0598df4\" href=\"#31df20fcaa0598df4\"><span class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i class=\"fa-fusion-box active-icon awb-icon-minus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><i class=\"fa-fusion-box inactive-icon awb-icon-plus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fusion-toggle-heading\">The Use of Hookah and Other Smoking Varieties Among<br \/>\nUndergraduate Students of Tiu <\/span><\/a><\/h4><\/div><div id=\"31df20fcaa0598df4\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse \" aria-labelledby=\"toggle_31df20fcaa0598df4\"><div class=\"panel-body toggle-content fusion-clearfix\">\n<p>By: 1.Lana Jabbar<br \/>\n2.Isra Dashty<br \/>\n3.Lina Ali<\/p>\n<p>Supervised by: Ms.Sawsan S. Al-Rawi<\/p>\n<p><strong>Abstract<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Tobacco use is a major cause of morbidity and mortality all over the world.<br \/>\nTobacco use kills yearly more than 5 million people worldwide. The aim of<br \/>\nthis research is to evaluate the use of hookah and other smoking varieties<br \/>\nto provide a comprehensive overview of tobacco use, including its<br \/>\nprogression and prevalence among undergraduate students at Tishk<br \/>\nInternational University. A questionnaire survey was adopted to<br \/>\ninvestigate the student\u2019s attitudes towards varieties of smoking. The<br \/>\nquestionnaire contains the following sections: the first section consists of<br \/>\ndemographic information of the participants, and the second section<br \/>\nconsists of the questions related to the student\u2019s behaviors toward<br \/>\nsmoking varieties. A total of 150 students with different demographic<br \/>\nbackgrounds participated. The data shows that (59.33%) of students<br \/>\nsmoking tobacco daily and used to smoke in the past. The study shows that<br \/>\namong consuming tobacco products manufactured cigarettes (64.66%)<br \/>\nand Hookah (50%) were the most common types, and (26%) used vaping<br \/>\nor electronic cigarettes. A total of (70%) noticed health warnings on<br \/>\ncigarette packages, with (50.66%) of students trying to stop smoking, and<br \/>\n(64%) did not think about quitting. The study shows that males tend to<br \/>\nsmoke more than females with (85.33%) and (14.66%) respectively. This<br \/>\nmight be associated with cultural and behavioral reasons, the study<br \/>\nreported that students residing in urban areas and staying with family are<br \/>\nmore likely tend to smoke. This is because of the significant association<br \/>\nbetween the smoking of family or the influence of smoking by family<br \/>\nmembers. The results show that students noticed health warnings on<br \/>\ncigarette packages that did not lead them to think about quitting smoking.<br \/>\nIt can be concluded that smoking varieties are increasing over time and becoming a major public health problem, which means more policies are<br \/>\nneeded to control smoking.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"accordian fusion-accordian\" style=\"--awb-border-size:0px;--awb-icon-size:25px;--awb-content-font-size:15px;--awb-icon-alignment:left;--awb-hover-color:#ffffff;--awb-border-color:#e7e4e2;--awb-background-color:#ffffff;--awb-divider-color:#e7e4e2;--awb-divider-hover-color:#e7e4e2;--awb-icon-color:#f09a3e;--awb-title-color:#ef9a3d;--awb-content-color:#7e8890;--awb-icon-box-color:#333333;--awb-toggle-hover-accent-color:#f09a3e;--awb-title-font-family:&quot;Open Sans&quot;;--awb-title-font-weight:700;--awb-title-font-style:normal;--awb-title-font-size:15px;--awb-content-font-family:&quot;Open Sans&quot;;--awb-content-font-style:normal;--awb-content-font-weight:400;\"><div class=\"panel-group fusion-toggle-icon-unboxed\" id=\"accordion-474-14\"><div class=\"fusion-panel panel-default panel-f28af246b03d05040 fusion-toggle-no-divider fusion-toggle-boxed-mode\"><div class=\"panel-heading\"><h4 class=\"panel-title toggle\" id=\"toggle_f28af246b03d05040\"><a aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"f28af246b03d05040\" role=\"button\" data-toggle=\"collapse\" data-parent=\"#accordion-474-14\" data-target=\"#f28af246b03d05040\" href=\"#f28af246b03d05040\"><span class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i class=\"fa-fusion-box active-icon awb-icon-minus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><i class=\"fa-fusion-box inactive-icon awb-icon-plus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fusion-toggle-heading\">Traditional Medicinal Plants Used by the People of Bardrash,<br \/>\nKurdistan, Iraq <\/span><\/a><\/h4><\/div><div id=\"f28af246b03d05040\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse \" aria-labelledby=\"toggle_f28af246b03d05040\"><div class=\"panel-body toggle-content fusion-clearfix\">\n<p>By: 1.Mahadi Fuad Ahmed<\/p>\n<p>Supervised by: Dr. Mahmoud Abdulrahman Dogara<\/p>\n<p><strong>Abstract<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Medicinal plants are the primary raw materials used in the production of<br \/>\nmedicinal products all over the world. As a result, more study on plants<br \/>\nwith therapeutic potential is required. The emergence of new diseases all<br \/>\nover the world has necessitates the need for the exploration of plant parts<br \/>\nfor the invention of promising drugs. To achieve this, prior knowledge of<br \/>\nthe medicinal plants is needed from the traditional medicinal practitioners<br \/>\nand any other person utilizing plants for medicinal purposes. Fourteen<br \/>\nrespondents were interviewed with the dominance of men. The study<br \/>\naimed to documents medicinal plants from Bardarash of Kurdistan<br \/>\nregion.The study adopted non purposive sampling using and in depth<br \/>\ninterview guid. The study have documented 50 medicinal plants of which<br \/>\nleaves is the most used part. The study has reported comprehensive<br \/>\nmedicinal plants used by the people of Bardrash to treat various diseases.<br \/>\nThe is need for in vivo, in vitro and clinical trial to validate their efficacy.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"accordian fusion-accordian\" style=\"--awb-border-size:0px;--awb-icon-size:25px;--awb-content-font-size:15px;--awb-icon-alignment:left;--awb-hover-color:#ffffff;--awb-border-color:#e7e4e2;--awb-background-color:#ffffff;--awb-divider-color:#e7e4e2;--awb-divider-hover-color:#e7e4e2;--awb-icon-color:#f09a3e;--awb-title-color:#ef9a3d;--awb-content-color:#7e8890;--awb-icon-box-color:#333333;--awb-toggle-hover-accent-color:#f09a3e;--awb-title-font-family:&quot;Open Sans&quot;;--awb-title-font-weight:700;--awb-title-font-style:normal;--awb-title-font-size:15px;--awb-content-font-family:&quot;Open Sans&quot;;--awb-content-font-style:normal;--awb-content-font-weight:400;\"><div class=\"panel-group fusion-toggle-icon-unboxed\" id=\"accordion-474-15\"><div class=\"fusion-panel panel-default panel-a9150643f874d6406 fusion-toggle-no-divider fusion-toggle-boxed-mode\"><div class=\"panel-heading\"><h4 class=\"panel-title toggle\" id=\"toggle_a9150643f874d6406\"><a aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"a9150643f874d6406\" role=\"button\" data-toggle=\"collapse\" data-parent=\"#accordion-474-15\" data-target=\"#a9150643f874d6406\" href=\"#a9150643f874d6406\"><span class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i class=\"fa-fusion-box active-icon awb-icon-minus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><i class=\"fa-fusion-box inactive-icon awb-icon-plus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fusion-toggle-heading\">Allelopathic Properties of Laurus nobilis on Seed<br \/>\nGermination and Growth of Some Crop and Weed Species. <\/span><\/a><\/h4><\/div><div id=\"a9150643f874d6406\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse \" aria-labelledby=\"toggle_a9150643f874d6406\"><div class=\"panel-body toggle-content fusion-clearfix\">\n<p>By: 1.Payam Khdir<br \/>\n2.Nur Sabah<br \/>\n3.Mihraban Abdulwahab<\/p>\n<p>Supervised by: Dr. Sabir Wasman Hamad<\/p>\n<p><strong>Abstract<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Allelopathy is the biological phenomenon by which a plant excretes one or<br \/>\nmore biochemical substances which has an influence of the survival,<br \/>\ngrowth and germination on other plants. Allelochemicals will excrete in<br \/>\ndifferent parts of the plants by root excretion, volatilization, leaching and<br \/>\ndecomposition of other part of the plant. The purpose of this study was<br \/>\nconducted to examine allelopathic effects of bay laurel (Laurus nobilis)<br \/>\nShoot extraction on seed germination and some growth parameters of<br \/>\nrapeseed (Brassica napus), wheat (Triticum aestivum), mung bean (Vigna<br \/>\nradiate) and corn (Zea mays). Bay laurel dried leaves were collected in<br \/>\nErbil-local market at the maturity stage of their leaves in winter-2021. Bay<br \/>\nlaurel leaves were separated and we were grinded them, in order to mix<br \/>\n50g of bay laurel leaves with 500ml of distilled water, we left the solution<br \/>\nfor 24h, after that we filtered the solution through microscopic filter paper<br \/>\n(0.4\ud835\udf07\ud835\udc5a), then we stored at 4\u2103 until required for the germination test, then<br \/>\nwe were centrifuged the laurus nobilis shoot extraction (1000rpm) for<br \/>\n10min, for the seed germination we started to prepare 60 petri dishes<br \/>\nwhich include 15 petri dishes for each seed on their own group, done with<br \/>\n(3) replication which included different concentration, (0%, 5%, 7.5% and<br \/>\n10%). Randomly customized the seeds inside each petri dishes, then we<br \/>\nleft to grow for 7 days. Shoot extraction on seed germination and some<br \/>\ngrowth parameters of (Brassica napus), (Triticum aestivum), (Vigna<br \/>\nradiate) and (Zea mays). We used Tukey\u2019s (P\u22640.05) to calculate significant<br \/>\ndifferences between mean. The result showed that higher concentration<br \/>\n(7.5%, 10%) of shoot extraction of Laurus nobilis, reduced the seeds<br \/>\ngermination significantly, and the lowest concentration (%2.5) had least<br \/>\nnegative impact on seed germination. common Bay laurel can be used as a<br \/>\nbio-herbicide to suppress weed seed germination and growth.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"accordian fusion-accordian\" style=\"--awb-border-size:0px;--awb-icon-size:25px;--awb-content-font-size:15px;--awb-icon-alignment:left;--awb-hover-color:#ffffff;--awb-border-color:#e7e4e2;--awb-background-color:#ffffff;--awb-divider-color:#e7e4e2;--awb-divider-hover-color:#e7e4e2;--awb-icon-color:#f09a3e;--awb-title-color:#ef9a3d;--awb-content-color:#7e8890;--awb-icon-box-color:#333333;--awb-toggle-hover-accent-color:#f09a3e;--awb-title-font-family:&quot;Open Sans&quot;;--awb-title-font-weight:700;--awb-title-font-style:normal;--awb-title-font-size:15px;--awb-content-font-family:&quot;Open Sans&quot;;--awb-content-font-style:normal;--awb-content-font-weight:400;\"><div class=\"panel-group fusion-toggle-icon-unboxed\" id=\"accordion-474-16\"><div class=\"fusion-panel panel-default panel-41413b1004b49e893 fusion-toggle-no-divider fusion-toggle-boxed-mode\"><div class=\"panel-heading\"><h4 class=\"panel-title toggle\" id=\"toggle_41413b1004b49e893\"><a aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"41413b1004b49e893\" role=\"button\" data-toggle=\"collapse\" data-parent=\"#accordion-474-16\" data-target=\"#41413b1004b49e893\" href=\"#41413b1004b49e893\"><span class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i class=\"fa-fusion-box active-icon awb-icon-minus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><i class=\"fa-fusion-box inactive-icon awb-icon-plus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fusion-toggle-heading\">The Effect of Emotional Intelligence on Student\u2019s Motivation<br \/>\ntoward Student\u2019s Achievement in Biology classes  <\/span><\/a><\/h4><\/div><div id=\"41413b1004b49e893\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse \" aria-labelledby=\"toggle_41413b1004b49e893\"><div class=\"panel-body toggle-content fusion-clearfix\">\n<p>By: 1.Rabar Muhammed<br \/>\n2.Omed Salih<br \/>\n3.Dindar khalid<\/p>\n<p>Supervised by: Dr.Aziza Kavlu<\/p>\n<p><strong>Abstract<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>In the few past decades, the study of emotional intelligence has been<br \/>\nwidely researched and has emerged as an important attribute for<br \/>\npredicting success. Humanity has become increasingly concerned about<br \/>\nthe role played by emotional components in both the academic success of<br \/>\nstudents and their interpersonal skills. There are many possible personal<br \/>\nand social benefits of combining an emphasis on emotional intelligence.<br \/>\nThis study aimed at determining the effect of emotional intelligence and<br \/>\ninspection the relationships between emotional intelligence and high<br \/>\nschool students \u2018academic performance in the biology classes in the private<br \/>\nschool in Erbil. In this research method, a valid questionnaire was<br \/>\nemployed which was composed of four different components that each<br \/>\nmeasured students\u2019 emotional intelligence from one of the private high<br \/>\nschools in Erbil. Students\u2019 Biology midterm exam results were officially<br \/>\nasked for and obtained from the vice-principal of the school. The obtained<br \/>\ndata from questionnaires and students\u2019 academic performance results in<br \/>\nBiology were statistically analyzed by SPSS (Statistical Package for the<br \/>\nSocial Sciences-22). As a result, the study showed that emotional<br \/>\nintelligence had a considerable influence on students\u2019 achievement. In a<br \/>\nconclusion, the study revealed that emotional intelligence positively<br \/>\naffects students\u2019 academic achievement and makes students more involved<br \/>\nin their academic studies.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"accordian fusion-accordian\" style=\"--awb-border-size:0px;--awb-icon-size:25px;--awb-content-font-size:15px;--awb-icon-alignment:left;--awb-hover-color:#ffffff;--awb-border-color:#e7e4e2;--awb-background-color:#ffffff;--awb-divider-color:#e7e4e2;--awb-divider-hover-color:#e7e4e2;--awb-icon-color:#f09a3e;--awb-title-color:#ef9a3d;--awb-content-color:#7e8890;--awb-icon-box-color:#333333;--awb-toggle-hover-accent-color:#f09a3e;--awb-title-font-family:&quot;Open Sans&quot;;--awb-title-font-weight:700;--awb-title-font-style:normal;--awb-title-font-size:15px;--awb-content-font-family:&quot;Open Sans&quot;;--awb-content-font-style:normal;--awb-content-font-weight:400;\"><div class=\"panel-group fusion-toggle-icon-unboxed\" id=\"accordion-474-17\"><div class=\"fusion-panel panel-default panel-c897831fa9f5b720b fusion-toggle-no-divider fusion-toggle-boxed-mode\"><div class=\"panel-heading\"><h4 class=\"panel-title toggle\" id=\"toggle_c897831fa9f5b720b\"><a aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"c897831fa9f5b720b\" role=\"button\" data-toggle=\"collapse\" data-parent=\"#accordion-474-17\" data-target=\"#c897831fa9f5b720b\" href=\"#c897831fa9f5b720b\"><span class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i class=\"fa-fusion-box active-icon awb-icon-minus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><i class=\"fa-fusion-box inactive-icon awb-icon-plus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fusion-toggle-heading\">Ethnobotany of Medicinal Plants used In Duhok-Kurdistan<br \/>\nRegion of Iraq <\/span><\/a><\/h4><\/div><div id=\"c897831fa9f5b720b\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse \" aria-labelledby=\"toggle_c897831fa9f5b720b\"><div class=\"panel-body toggle-content fusion-clearfix\">\n<p>By: 1.Rabar Hussein1<br \/>\n2.Rawsht Sdiq<br \/>\n3.Pshu Zanyar<\/p>\n<p>Supervised by: Dr.Saber Wasmand<\/p>\n<p><strong>Abstract<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Ethnobotany is a science that the old Greek people used in ancient Greece<br \/>\nto study and test the relationship which humans have with living plants.<br \/>\nHerbal medicine is used worldwide by experts and medical doctors to cure<br \/>\nand treat different diseases. The present study was carried out during<br \/>\nseasons (winter, spring, and fall) in (2022). The aim of this study was to<br \/>\nevaluate the use of plants in Duhok which are used as a treatment for<br \/>\nmedicinal prepossess. Ethnobotanical research was carried out to collect<br \/>\ndata on medicinal plants used to cure human problems. Duhok City is in<br \/>\nthe Kurdistan Region of Iraq, in the northwestern section of the country.<br \/>\nTourism, agriculture, the oil sector, and a handful of minor enterprises<br \/>\nmake up its economy. It is located 151km far from Erbil. This study<br \/>\ninvolved interviews of 17 individuals, 12 males, and 5 females, as many<br \/>\nage, education, and gender groups as feasible were used, and the range of<br \/>\nplant species (75), and families (50), were employed as medicinal plants.<br \/>\nThe most dominant plant family was Asteraceae (8 taxa). scientific and<br \/>\nlocal names have been supplied. There were (64) herbaceous species and<br \/>\njust (11) trees. These medicinal plants are different according to their<br \/>\ndifferent part and stage of use (seedling stage, leaves, shoot, fruit, flowers,<br \/>\nbulbs), mostly (flowers, and fruit). Most of these plants can utilize for a<br \/>\nwide range of purposes (spice, salad, boiled, jam, eaten raw, tea, etc.). They<br \/>\nmostly used by boiling and eating raw. The findings of this research study<br \/>\nhave crucial significance for building a worldwide biological conservation<br \/>\nplan to conserve the exceptional biodiversity and ethnobotanical heritages<br \/>\nof the Kurdistan Region, particularly the Duhok Provence, which is noted<br \/>\nfor its many ethnic groupings.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"accordian fusion-accordian\" style=\"--awb-border-size:0px;--awb-icon-size:25px;--awb-content-font-size:15px;--awb-icon-alignment:left;--awb-hover-color:#ffffff;--awb-border-color:#e7e4e2;--awb-background-color:#ffffff;--awb-divider-color:#e7e4e2;--awb-divider-hover-color:#e7e4e2;--awb-icon-color:#f09a3e;--awb-title-color:#ef9a3d;--awb-content-color:#7e8890;--awb-icon-box-color:#333333;--awb-toggle-hover-accent-color:#f09a3e;--awb-title-font-family:&quot;Open Sans&quot;;--awb-title-font-weight:700;--awb-title-font-style:normal;--awb-title-font-size:15px;--awb-content-font-family:&quot;Open Sans&quot;;--awb-content-font-style:normal;--awb-content-font-weight:400;\"><div class=\"panel-group fusion-toggle-icon-unboxed\" id=\"accordion-474-18\"><div class=\"fusion-panel panel-default panel-5f7d10d0933b7e7b6 fusion-toggle-no-divider fusion-toggle-boxed-mode\"><div class=\"panel-heading\"><h4 class=\"panel-title toggle\" id=\"toggle_5f7d10d0933b7e7b6\"><a aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"5f7d10d0933b7e7b6\" role=\"button\" data-toggle=\"collapse\" data-parent=\"#accordion-474-18\" data-target=\"#5f7d10d0933b7e7b6\" href=\"#5f7d10d0933b7e7b6\"><span class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i class=\"fa-fusion-box active-icon awb-icon-minus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><i class=\"fa-fusion-box inactive-icon awb-icon-plus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fusion-toggle-heading\">Ecological Footprint Investigation of Sustainable<br \/>\nDevelopment in Kurdistan Region-Iraq <\/span><\/a><\/h4><\/div><div id=\"5f7d10d0933b7e7b6\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse \" aria-labelledby=\"toggle_5f7d10d0933b7e7b6\"><div class=\"panel-body toggle-content fusion-clearfix\">\n<p>By: 1.Revan Rizgar Omer<br \/>\n2.Isra Nuri Saeed<br \/>\n3.Nida Benan Demirbas<br \/>\nHabip Bedir<br \/>\nZanyar Othman<\/p>\n<p>Supervised by: Mr.Habip Bedir and Mr.Zanyar Othman<\/p>\n<p><strong>Abstract<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Since the Industrial Revolution, cities have been developing. These<br \/>\ndevelopments have impacted the atmosphere in numerous ways. The<br \/>\nUnited Nations consider population growth essential for sustainable<br \/>\ndevelopment issues due to its adverse effects. The ecological footprint is<br \/>\none of these approaches used to estimate the population and their<br \/>\nrequirements for sustainability in our area. Our focus will begin by<br \/>\nexamining some methods for assessing sustainable development based on<br \/>\ndependable indicators, that aimed to analyze the ecological footprint of<br \/>\nsustainable development in the Kurdistan region, Iraq. The results<br \/>\ndemonstrate that the ecological footprint is 9.94 and the carbon footprint<br \/>\nis 18.09. If a citizen maintains their living standards in this way, they need<br \/>\n6.12 worlds instead of one world for each person in the Kurdistan region.<br \/>\nThe recent study indicates that how many worlds they need if they keep<br \/>\ngoing with their lifestyle. Also, we suppose that the Kurdistan region is not<br \/>\nsustainable regarding the ecological footprint analysis.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"accordian fusion-accordian\" style=\"--awb-border-size:0px;--awb-icon-size:25px;--awb-content-font-size:15px;--awb-icon-alignment:left;--awb-hover-color:#ffffff;--awb-border-color:#e7e4e2;--awb-background-color:#ffffff;--awb-divider-color:#e7e4e2;--awb-divider-hover-color:#e7e4e2;--awb-icon-color:#f09a3e;--awb-title-color:#ef9a3d;--awb-content-color:#7e8890;--awb-icon-box-color:#333333;--awb-toggle-hover-accent-color:#f09a3e;--awb-title-font-family:&quot;Open Sans&quot;;--awb-title-font-weight:700;--awb-title-font-style:normal;--awb-title-font-size:15px;--awb-content-font-family:&quot;Open Sans&quot;;--awb-content-font-style:normal;--awb-content-font-weight:400;\"><div class=\"panel-group fusion-toggle-icon-unboxed\" id=\"accordion-474-19\"><div class=\"fusion-panel panel-default panel-8952c23990e4c077d fusion-toggle-no-divider fusion-toggle-boxed-mode\"><div class=\"panel-heading\"><h4 class=\"panel-title toggle\" id=\"toggle_8952c23990e4c077d\"><a aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"8952c23990e4c077d\" role=\"button\" data-toggle=\"collapse\" data-parent=\"#accordion-474-19\" data-target=\"#8952c23990e4c077d\" href=\"#8952c23990e4c077d\"><span class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i class=\"fa-fusion-box active-icon awb-icon-minus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><i class=\"fa-fusion-box inactive-icon awb-icon-plus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fusion-toggle-heading\">Correlation Between ABO Blood Group System and COVID-19<br \/>\nSeverity in Erbil <\/span><\/a><\/h4><\/div><div id=\"8952c23990e4c077d\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse \" aria-labelledby=\"toggle_8952c23990e4c077d\"><div class=\"panel-body toggle-content fusion-clearfix\">\n<p>By: 1.Roya Rauof<br \/>\n2.Gashbin Sabah<br \/>\n3.Shiraz Romi<\/p>\n<p>Supervised by: Mr.Harmand A. Hama<\/p>\n<p><strong>Abstract<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>COVID-19 disease, which is caused by a new corona virus known as the<br \/>\nSevere Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), exhibits<br \/>\na wide range of severity. This indicates that host factors impact outcomes<br \/>\nof the disease. The correlation of ABO blood group system with various<br \/>\ninfectious diseases has been proven, including dengue haemorrhagic fever,<br \/>\nhepatitis B, and so on. The aim of this study was to find the correlation<br \/>\nbetween the ABO blood groups and the COVID-19 disease severity among<br \/>\nthe Kurdish population. The study was conducted on a total of 300 COVID\u000219 patients who visited Rzgary Hospital and Zheen International Hospital<br \/>\nin Erbil between April 2020, and December 2020. Collected data included<br \/>\nage, gender, severity of cases, and ABO blood groups of patients. Frequency<br \/>\nand correlation of blood groups was tested using chi-square statistic, and<br \/>\nodds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated<br \/>\nbetween severe and non-severe cases. 186 males and 114 females with an<br \/>\nage range between 10 to 87 years of age were included in the study. The<br \/>\nfrequencies of blood types A, O, B, and O were 33.7, 32.3, 21.7, and 12.3%,<br \/>\nrespectively. Our study showed that there was statistically no significant<br \/>\ndifference in ABO blood groups and COVID-19 severity as for A (P = 0.146,<br \/>\nOR = 0.560, 95% CI = 0.256-1.224), for O blood group (P = 0.308, OR =<br \/>\n0.520 % CI = (0.236-1.114), for B and AB (P=0.861, OR = 0.934, 95% CI =<br \/>\n0.436-2.00; and P = 0.530, OR = 0.768 , 95% CI = 0.337- 1.749,<br \/>\nrespectively). The conducted chi-square analysis has shown minor to<br \/>\nmoderate correlation between ABO blood group and COVID-19 severity<br \/>\nand a Phi value of 0.110. However, statistically no significance was found,<br \/>\nas the p-value was 0.304 in chi square analysis as indicated.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"accordian fusion-accordian\" style=\"--awb-border-size:0px;--awb-icon-size:25px;--awb-content-font-size:15px;--awb-icon-alignment:left;--awb-hover-color:#ffffff;--awb-border-color:#e7e4e2;--awb-background-color:#ffffff;--awb-divider-color:#e7e4e2;--awb-divider-hover-color:#e7e4e2;--awb-icon-color:#f09a3e;--awb-title-color:#ef9a3d;--awb-content-color:#7e8890;--awb-icon-box-color:#333333;--awb-toggle-hover-accent-color:#f09a3e;--awb-title-font-family:&quot;Open Sans&quot;;--awb-title-font-weight:700;--awb-title-font-style:normal;--awb-title-font-size:15px;--awb-content-font-family:&quot;Open Sans&quot;;--awb-content-font-style:normal;--awb-content-font-weight:400;\"><div class=\"panel-group fusion-toggle-icon-unboxed\" id=\"accordion-474-20\"><div class=\"fusion-panel panel-default panel-f81b3cf17a5728d5f fusion-toggle-no-divider fusion-toggle-boxed-mode\"><div class=\"panel-heading\"><h4 class=\"panel-title toggle\" id=\"toggle_f81b3cf17a5728d5f\"><a aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"f81b3cf17a5728d5f\" role=\"button\" data-toggle=\"collapse\" data-parent=\"#accordion-474-20\" data-target=\"#f81b3cf17a5728d5f\" href=\"#f81b3cf17a5728d5f\"><span class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i class=\"fa-fusion-box active-icon awb-icon-minus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><i class=\"fa-fusion-box inactive-icon awb-icon-plus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fusion-toggle-heading\">Risk Behaviors of Hepatitis B Virus among Undergraduate<br \/>\nStudents of Tishk International University<\/span><\/a><\/h4><\/div><div id=\"f81b3cf17a5728d5f\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse \" aria-labelledby=\"toggle_f81b3cf17a5728d5f\"><div class=\"panel-body toggle-content fusion-clearfix\">\n<p>By: 1.Sana Hassan Muhammad<br \/>\n2.Sana Hassan Ahmed<br \/>\n3.Soma Abdulla<\/p>\n<p>Supervised by: Ms.Sawsan S. Al-Rawi<\/p>\n<p><strong>Abstract<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Introduction Hepatitis B is the inflammation of the liver tissues, which is<br \/>\ncaused by a viral infection. It can cause chronic infection and can be fatal<br \/>\nas a result of cirrhosis and liver cancer. Hepatitis B infects 1.2 million<br \/>\npeople yearly, and the purpose of this research is to detect the risk<br \/>\nbehaviors of Hepatitis B virus among undergraduate students of Tishk<br \/>\nInternational University. Methods: a questionnaire survey method was<br \/>\nconducted among undergraduate students of TIU in Erbil capital of<br \/>\nKurdistan region in Iraq. A questionnaire was randomly distributed and<br \/>\nconsists of 2 sections; the first section includes the demographic<br \/>\ninformation of the participants and second section included 11 behavior<br \/>\nrisk factors. A linear regression model was examined to show the<br \/>\nrelationship between socio-demographic factors and 11 risk behaviors of<br \/>\nhepatitis B virus infection. Results: A total of 200 participant were<br \/>\ninterviewed face to face at each department and revealed that the most<br \/>\ncommon high-risk behaviors of HBV among Tishk International University<br \/>\nstudents were sharing nail cutter (79%), sharing razors (55.5%), body<br \/>\nPiercing (51%), Sharing toothbrushes (23%). The prevalence of risk<br \/>\nbehaviors (% of those engaging in a behavior rarely or more often) varied<br \/>\nby gender. In this study we have twelve departments; unexpectedly the<br \/>\npharmacy department was significantly associated with several risk factor<br \/>\nexposures, which were related to body hygiene including sharing razors<br \/>\n(p\u2264 0.005) and sharing nail cutters (p\u22640.000). Also, nursing department<br \/>\nwas having few significant risk factors including sharing razors (p\u22640.033)<br \/>\nand sharing nail cutters (p\u22640.000). Other departments have less risk<br \/>\nfactor exposures compared to pharmacy and nursing departments.<br \/>\nConclusions: This study concludes that the transmissions of hepatitis B are<br \/>\nhigh among undergraduate students of TIU, therefore, personal hygiene is recommended to control its transmission. Additionally, vaccination<br \/>\nagainst HBV infection is needed to reduce its spread and mortality rate.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"accordian fusion-accordian\" style=\"--awb-border-size:0px;--awb-icon-size:25px;--awb-content-font-size:15px;--awb-icon-alignment:left;--awb-hover-color:#ffffff;--awb-border-color:#e7e4e2;--awb-background-color:#ffffff;--awb-divider-color:#e7e4e2;--awb-divider-hover-color:#e7e4e2;--awb-icon-color:#f09a3e;--awb-title-color:#ef9a3d;--awb-content-color:#7e8890;--awb-icon-box-color:#333333;--awb-toggle-hover-accent-color:#f09a3e;--awb-title-font-family:&quot;Open Sans&quot;;--awb-title-font-weight:700;--awb-title-font-style:normal;--awb-title-font-size:15px;--awb-content-font-family:&quot;Open Sans&quot;;--awb-content-font-style:normal;--awb-content-font-weight:400;\"><div class=\"panel-group fusion-toggle-icon-unboxed\" id=\"accordion-474-21\"><div class=\"fusion-panel panel-default panel-6575a65faeef2575c fusion-toggle-no-divider fusion-toggle-boxed-mode\"><div class=\"panel-heading\"><h4 class=\"panel-title toggle\" id=\"toggle_6575a65faeef2575c\"><a aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"6575a65faeef2575c\" role=\"button\" data-toggle=\"collapse\" data-parent=\"#accordion-474-21\" data-target=\"#6575a65faeef2575c\" href=\"#6575a65faeef2575c\"><span class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i class=\"fa-fusion-box active-icon awb-icon-minus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><i class=\"fa-fusion-box inactive-icon awb-icon-plus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fusion-toggle-heading\">Medicinal Plants Traditionally Used by Peoples of Ranya,<br \/>\nKurdistan Region Iraq<\/span><\/a><\/h4><\/div><div id=\"6575a65faeef2575c\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse \" aria-labelledby=\"toggle_6575a65faeef2575c\"><div class=\"panel-body toggle-content fusion-clearfix\">\n<p>By: 1.Sayran Asaad Hassan<br \/>\n2.Giaband Abdulrahman maghdid<br \/>\n3.Amina luqman Muhammad<\/p>\n<p>Supervised by: Dr.Mahmoud Abdulrahman Dogara<\/p>\n<p><strong>Abstract<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Medicinal plants are an important source of drugs in whole of the world. It<br \/>\nhas been estimated that more than 70% of the world population relies on<br \/>\ntraditional herbal medicine. Unfortunately, the knowledge is passed from<br \/>\ngeneration to generation verbally without documentation. The study aims<br \/>\nto document medicinal plants used by the Kurdish people in Rania for the<br \/>\ntreatment of various ailments. Non-purposive sampling was employed in<br \/>\nthe study with an in-depth interview guide. Results 100 people were<br \/>\ninterviewed of which reported 60 medicinal plants were documented and<br \/>\nused for the treatment of various diseases like stomach pain, headache, and<br \/>\nfever. Leaves were reported as the most used part of the plant and<br \/>\nprepared with the aid of decoction. the study found the city to be rich in<br \/>\nthe utilization of medicinal for the treatment of ailments. The study<br \/>\nrecommends further studies should be carried out to validate the efficacy<br \/>\nof the documented use of plants in the study.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"accordian fusion-accordian\" style=\"--awb-border-size:0px;--awb-icon-size:25px;--awb-content-font-size:15px;--awb-icon-alignment:left;--awb-hover-color:#ffffff;--awb-border-color:#e7e4e2;--awb-background-color:#ffffff;--awb-divider-color:#e7e4e2;--awb-divider-hover-color:#e7e4e2;--awb-icon-color:#f09a3e;--awb-title-color:#ef9a3d;--awb-content-color:#7e8890;--awb-icon-box-color:#333333;--awb-toggle-hover-accent-color:#f09a3e;--awb-title-font-family:&quot;Open Sans&quot;;--awb-title-font-weight:700;--awb-title-font-style:normal;--awb-title-font-size:15px;--awb-content-font-family:&quot;Open Sans&quot;;--awb-content-font-style:normal;--awb-content-font-weight:400;\"><div class=\"panel-group fusion-toggle-icon-unboxed\" id=\"accordion-474-22\"><div class=\"fusion-panel panel-default panel-4838336d0e7b845b5 fusion-toggle-no-divider fusion-toggle-boxed-mode\"><div class=\"panel-heading\"><h4 class=\"panel-title toggle\" id=\"toggle_4838336d0e7b845b5\"><a aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"4838336d0e7b845b5\" role=\"button\" data-toggle=\"collapse\" data-parent=\"#accordion-474-22\" data-target=\"#4838336d0e7b845b5\" href=\"#4838336d0e7b845b5\"><span class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i class=\"fa-fusion-box active-icon awb-icon-minus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><i class=\"fa-fusion-box inactive-icon awb-icon-plus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fusion-toggle-heading\">The Assessment of Services, Educational Strategies and<br \/>\nTreatment of Children Diagnosed with Autism Spectrum<br \/>\nDisorder<\/span><\/a><\/h4><\/div><div id=\"4838336d0e7b845b5\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse \" aria-labelledby=\"toggle_4838336d0e7b845b5\"><div class=\"panel-body toggle-content fusion-clearfix\">\n<p>By: 1.Shaima Ibrahim Fakhir<br \/>\n2.Zahra Wali Majid<br \/>\n3.Baxcha Qasim Hama<\/p>\n<p>Supervised by: Mr.Sawsan S. Al Rawi<\/p>\n<p><strong>Abstract<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) need to be<br \/>\ntreated well and need to be educated. Centers are the first place to educate<br \/>\nchildren diagnosed with autism (ASD). This study aims to evaluate the<br \/>\ntreatment and services for children with autism disabilities as well as<br \/>\nparents&#8217; perception of these centers&#8217; services and treatment. Data<br \/>\nwas collected from five centers about their treatment strategies and<br \/>\nservices. Our goal was to find out about their classes and the numbers of<br \/>\nstudents in each class, the types of toys and games in teaching, and<br \/>\nteachers&#8217; qualifications. We also interviewed 10 parents to evaluate the<br \/>\nchildren&#8217;s ages, genders, nationalities, health insurance, family income,<br \/>\nand parents&#8217; education, and to know if they use any type of medicine and<br \/>\nsocial training in centers. The data shows that the classes in all five centers<br \/>\nwere between 12 to 18 classes and 5 to 10 students in each class, whereas<br \/>\n100% of teachers were general education teachers. All centers have<br \/>\nphysicians or nurses, 80% of centers have transportation and 20% didn\u2019t<br \/>\nhave it, while 80% of centers have parents meeting and 20% don&#8217;t care<br \/>\nabout that. Children who used sleep medication treatment were<br \/>\n20%, anxiety s 10%, and 70% did not use any medicine at all. About 20%<br \/>\nof children used medicine once per week, 20% used it daily, and 60% did<br \/>\nnot use anything at all. All centers did social training and others daily. All<br \/>\nchildren were Kurdish, 80% were males and 20% were females. 60% of<br \/>\nparents had a degree and 40% didn&#8217;t have a degree. Some centers<br \/>\nhave tablets and projectors, but some did not use technology. This shows<br \/>\nthat these centers have good services and take good care of children which<br \/>\nhelps in understanding the child&#8217;s needs to help him improve his skill.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"accordian fusion-accordian\" style=\"--awb-border-size:0px;--awb-icon-size:25px;--awb-content-font-size:15px;--awb-icon-alignment:left;--awb-hover-color:#ffffff;--awb-border-color:#e7e4e2;--awb-background-color:#ffffff;--awb-divider-color:#e7e4e2;--awb-divider-hover-color:#e7e4e2;--awb-icon-color:#f09a3e;--awb-title-color:#ef9a3d;--awb-content-color:#7e8890;--awb-icon-box-color:#333333;--awb-toggle-hover-accent-color:#f09a3e;--awb-title-font-family:&quot;Open Sans&quot;;--awb-title-font-weight:700;--awb-title-font-style:normal;--awb-title-font-size:15px;--awb-content-font-family:&quot;Open Sans&quot;;--awb-content-font-style:normal;--awb-content-font-weight:400;\"><div class=\"panel-group fusion-toggle-icon-unboxed\" id=\"accordion-474-23\"><div class=\"fusion-panel panel-default panel-9e6f06c88ee247893 fusion-toggle-no-divider fusion-toggle-boxed-mode\"><div class=\"panel-heading\"><h4 class=\"panel-title toggle\" id=\"toggle_9e6f06c88ee247893\"><a aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"9e6f06c88ee247893\" role=\"button\" data-toggle=\"collapse\" data-parent=\"#accordion-474-23\" data-target=\"#9e6f06c88ee247893\" href=\"#9e6f06c88ee247893\"><span class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i class=\"fa-fusion-box active-icon awb-icon-minus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><i class=\"fa-fusion-box inactive-icon awb-icon-plus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fusion-toggle-heading\">TAntibacterial Evalotion Of<br \/>\nSyzygium Aromaticum (L.) Merr. &amp; L.M.Perry<\/span><\/a><\/h4><\/div><div id=\"9e6f06c88ee247893\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse \" aria-labelledby=\"toggle_9e6f06c88ee247893\"><div class=\"panel-body toggle-content fusion-clearfix\">\n<p>By: 1.Bzhar Baxtyar<br \/>\n2.Nyaz Abubakr<br \/>\n3.Shaima Muhamad<\/p>\n<p>Supervised by: Dr.Mahmoud Abdulrahman Dogara<\/p>\n<p><strong>Abstract<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Medicinal plants have been the major source of combating and treating<br \/>\ninfectious diseases and health disorders throughout the ages. To explore<br \/>\nnew sources of inexpensive and safe antioxidants and antibiotics. Plants<br \/>\nwith therapeutic value are still the only way forward for health care as<br \/>\ntheir acceptance has grown all over the world. Syzygium aromaticum is<br \/>\nknown for its antibacterial properties against a variety of harmful<br \/>\nmicroorganisms. The study aimed to evaluate Syzygium aromaticum<br \/>\nagainst some selected Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial strains.<br \/>\nThe methods: ethanolic and aqueous extract was used against some<br \/>\nselected Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial strains at different<br \/>\nconcentrations 1 and 2 g\/mL, respectively, using ager method. Results: The<br \/>\nmoderate zone of inhibition was recorded with both extracts with the<br \/>\nhighest inhibition zone of ethanolic extract against Pseudomonas<br \/>\naeruginosa at 4 mm. Conclusion: Syzygium aromaticum will be an excellent<br \/>\nresource for the creation of antioxidant supplements and medicines to<br \/>\ncombat infectious diseases and improve health status.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"accordian fusion-accordian\" style=\"--awb-border-size:0px;--awb-icon-size:25px;--awb-content-font-size:15px;--awb-icon-alignment:left;--awb-hover-color:#ffffff;--awb-border-color:#e7e4e2;--awb-background-color:#ffffff;--awb-divider-color:#e7e4e2;--awb-divider-hover-color:#e7e4e2;--awb-icon-color:#f09a3e;--awb-title-color:#ef9a3d;--awb-content-color:#7e8890;--awb-icon-box-color:#333333;--awb-toggle-hover-accent-color:#f09a3e;--awb-title-font-family:&quot;Open Sans&quot;;--awb-title-font-weight:700;--awb-title-font-style:normal;--awb-title-font-size:15px;--awb-content-font-family:&quot;Open Sans&quot;;--awb-content-font-style:normal;--awb-content-font-weight:400;\"><div class=\"panel-group fusion-toggle-icon-unboxed\" id=\"accordion-474-24\"><div class=\"fusion-panel panel-default panel-9ab4ce89694174482 fusion-toggle-no-divider fusion-toggle-boxed-mode\"><div class=\"panel-heading\"><h4 class=\"panel-title toggle\" id=\"toggle_9ab4ce89694174482\"><a aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"9ab4ce89694174482\" role=\"button\" data-toggle=\"collapse\" data-parent=\"#accordion-474-24\" data-target=\"#9ab4ce89694174482\" href=\"#9ab4ce89694174482\"><span class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i class=\"fa-fusion-box active-icon awb-icon-minus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><i class=\"fa-fusion-box inactive-icon awb-icon-plus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fusion-toggle-heading\">Understanding the Relationship Between Hypertension and<br \/>\nDiabetes Mellitus<\/span><\/a><\/h4><\/div><div id=\"9ab4ce89694174482\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse \" aria-labelledby=\"toggle_9ab4ce89694174482\"><div class=\"panel-body toggle-content fusion-clearfix\">\n<p>By: 1.Shalur Saadulla<br \/>\n2.Noorhuda Barzan<br \/>\n3.Noor Ramazan<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Supervised by: Dr.Mohammed Merza<\/p>\n<p><strong>Abstract<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Introduction: Diabetes mellitus is one of the commonest infections world<br \/>\nwild and can cause multi-systemic complications, hypertension can co\u0002exist with diabetes and incline to diabetes complications, both micro and<br \/>\nmacro-vascular. Objective: to assess hypertension, Diabetes mellitus and<br \/>\ntheir relationships in Erbil city, Kurdistan region of Iraq. To get a better<br \/>\nunderstanding of the relation between the Diabetes mellitus and<br \/>\nhypertension among Kurdish patients. Because detection and treatment of<br \/>\ndyslipidemia is one means of reducing cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk,<br \/>\ndetermination of serum lipid levels in patients with diabetes is now<br \/>\nconsidered a standard of care. We tried to investigate the relationship<br \/>\nbetween hypertension and DM in Erbil city. To figure out how gender, age,<br \/>\nsmoking, and being obese can impact on the coexistence of these two<br \/>\ndiseases. Materials and Methods: Hundred and twenty-two diabetics were<br \/>\ntested for hypertension using a sphygmomanometer in the cardiac center<br \/>\nto assess their blood pressure in Erbil, Iraqi Kurdistan Province Some<br \/>\nOther data collected included age, sex, DM form, weight, height, body mass<br \/>\nindex, and the ratio of waist hip. Results: Fifty nine out of 122 those with<br \/>\nhypertension yielded. Hypertension incidence in those with type 1<br \/>\ndiabetes increases from 5% at 10 years, to 33 % at 20 years, and 70 % at<br \/>\n40 years. The prevalence of hypertension and diabetes is in close relation.<br \/>\nThe blood pressure usually starts to increase within the normal range after<br \/>\nthe start of hyperglycemia, or within a few years. Conclusions:<br \/>\nHypertension is normal in DM patients. This study has shown that blood<br \/>\npressure regulation decreases the microvascular and macrovascular DM<br \/>\ncomplications. The prevalence of hypertension and diabetes is in close<br \/>\nrelation. The blood pressure usually starts to increase within the normal<br \/>\nrange after the start of hyperglycemia, or within a few years.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"accordian fusion-accordian\" style=\"--awb-border-size:0px;--awb-icon-size:25px;--awb-content-font-size:15px;--awb-icon-alignment:left;--awb-hover-color:#ffffff;--awb-border-color:#e7e4e2;--awb-background-color:#ffffff;--awb-divider-color:#e7e4e2;--awb-divider-hover-color:#e7e4e2;--awb-icon-color:#f09a3e;--awb-title-color:#ef9a3d;--awb-content-color:#7e8890;--awb-icon-box-color:#333333;--awb-toggle-hover-accent-color:#f09a3e;--awb-title-font-family:&quot;Open Sans&quot;;--awb-title-font-weight:700;--awb-title-font-style:normal;--awb-title-font-size:15px;--awb-content-font-family:&quot;Open Sans&quot;;--awb-content-font-style:normal;--awb-content-font-weight:400;\"><div class=\"panel-group fusion-toggle-icon-unboxed\" id=\"accordion-474-25\"><div class=\"fusion-panel panel-default panel-1015f115d36e8aed7 fusion-toggle-no-divider fusion-toggle-boxed-mode\"><div class=\"panel-heading\"><h4 class=\"panel-title toggle\" id=\"toggle_1015f115d36e8aed7\"><a aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"1015f115d36e8aed7\" role=\"button\" data-toggle=\"collapse\" data-parent=\"#accordion-474-25\" data-target=\"#1015f115d36e8aed7\" href=\"#1015f115d36e8aed7\"><span class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i class=\"fa-fusion-box active-icon awb-icon-minus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><i class=\"fa-fusion-box inactive-icon awb-icon-plus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fusion-toggle-heading\">Antibacterial activities of alcohol and aqueous extracts of<br \/>\npomegranate against activities of some bacteria <\/span><\/a><\/h4><\/div><div id=\"1015f115d36e8aed7\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse \" aria-labelledby=\"toggle_1015f115d36e8aed7\"><div class=\"panel-body toggle-content fusion-clearfix\">\n<p>By: 1.SSozyar Muhammad<br \/>\n2.Niga Jamil<br \/>\n3.Esmail Khalil<\/p>\n<p>Supervised by: Dr.Saber Wasman<\/p>\n<p><strong>Abstract<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Herbal and plant extracts are being applied to a wide range of foods against<br \/>\ndifferent types of foodborne pathogens. Pomegranate extraction content<br \/>\nhas antimicrobial and antioxidant activity. Bacteria are the common<br \/>\npathogenic that cause diseases and produce resistances against antibiotics.<br \/>\nThe aim of this study was to evaluate antibacterial activities of aqueous<br \/>\nand ethanol extracts of (peel, bark, and seed) of pomegranate against 4<br \/>\ntypes of bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes,<br \/>\nEscherichia coli, and Klebsiella pneumoniae). The methods: three different<br \/>\nparts of pomegranate are used for extraction (seed, peel, and bark). Each<br \/>\npart was separately, dried and ground into powder by an electric blender.<br \/>\nThe extracts were prepared by placing (10g) of (seed, peel, bark) powder<br \/>\nin a baker and with 100 ml of distilled (water or ethanol) extracts filtered.<br \/>\nThen bacteria were subculture and incubated. An agar-well diffusion<br \/>\nmethod was used. The antibacterial activity was estimated by measuring<br \/>\nthe diameter of the inhibition zone around wells of tested bacteria. The<br \/>\nantimicrobial activity of four different concentrations (0.5, 1, and 2ml) of<br \/>\nethanol and aqueous Pomegranate extracts were evaluated. Results: the<br \/>\nresults showed that ethanol bark extract was more effective in comparison<br \/>\nwith aqueous bark extract and other extracts of ethanol against bacterial<br \/>\nisolates. The effect of ethanol extract shows inhibition zone diameter<br \/>\nranging between (9\u00b1to 23mm). The concentration of (2mlg\/2ml) of bark<br \/>\nethanol extracts, revealed the highest inhibition zone with S.t pyogenes<br \/>\n(23mm). This study showed the antimicrobial activities of pomegranate of<br \/>\nethanol and aqueous seed extracts against types of bacteria. Thus, ethanol<br \/>\nextract was more effective than aqueous extract against bacteria.<br \/>\nConclusion: the results of the present study for antibacterial activity ofpomegranate extracts give pharmacists a chance to use them in the<br \/>\nalternative therapy.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"nav fusion-mobile-tab-nav\"><ul class=\"nav-tabs nav-justified\" role=\"tablist\"><li role=\"presentation\"><a class=\"tab-link\" data-toggle=\"tab\" role=\"tab\" aria-controls=\"tab-c8182c562d08eb730b6\" aria-selected=\"false\" tabindex=\"-1\" id=\"mobile-fusion-tab-2022-2023\" href=\"#tab-c8182c562d08eb730b6\"><h4 class=\"fusion-tab-heading\">2022-2023<\/h4><\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div class=\"tab-pane fade fusion-clearfix\" role=\"tabpanel\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-labelledby=\"fusion-tab-2022-2023\" id=\"tab-c8182c562d08eb730b6\">\n<div class=\"accordian fusion-accordian\" style=\"--awb-border-size:0px;--awb-icon-size:25px;--awb-content-font-size:15px;--awb-icon-alignment:left;--awb-hover-color:#ffffff;--awb-border-color:#e7e4e2;--awb-background-color:#ffffff;--awb-divider-color:#e7e4e2;--awb-divider-hover-color:#e7e4e2;--awb-icon-color:#f09a3e;--awb-title-color:#ef9a3d;--awb-content-color:#7e8890;--awb-icon-box-color:#333333;--awb-toggle-hover-accent-color:#f09a3e;--awb-title-font-family:&quot;Open Sans&quot;;--awb-title-font-weight:700;--awb-title-font-style:normal;--awb-title-font-size:15px;--awb-content-font-family:&quot;Open Sans&quot;;--awb-content-font-style:normal;--awb-content-font-weight:400;\"><div class=\"panel-group fusion-toggle-icon-unboxed\" id=\"accordion-474-26\"><div class=\"fusion-panel panel-default panel-11cbb16596fdc454b fusion-toggle-no-divider fusion-toggle-boxed-mode\"><div class=\"panel-heading\"><h4 class=\"panel-title toggle\" id=\"toggle_11cbb16596fdc454b\"><a aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"11cbb16596fdc454b\" role=\"button\" data-toggle=\"collapse\" data-parent=\"#accordion-474-26\" data-target=\"#11cbb16596fdc454b\" href=\"#11cbb16596fdc454b\"><span class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i class=\"fa-fusion-box active-icon awb-icon-minus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><i class=\"fa-fusion-box inactive-icon awb-icon-plus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fusion-toggle-heading\">THE DISTRIBUTION PATTERN OF CALCIFICATION OF<br \/>\nTHE CORONARY ARTERIES AMONG DIABETIC AND NONDIABETIC PATIENTS.<\/span><\/a><\/h4><\/div><div id=\"11cbb16596fdc454b\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse \" aria-labelledby=\"toggle_11cbb16596fdc454b\"><div class=\"panel-body toggle-content fusion-clearfix\">\n<p>By: 1.Sumaya Barzan Ismail<\/p>\n<p>Supervised by: Mrs. Sawsan Hamed<\/p>\n<p>Abstract<\/p>\n<p>Calcification is the calcium stores develop in the walls of the conduits, prompting solidifying and<br \/>\nlimiting of the veins. This can build the gamble of cardiovascular sickness, including coronary<br \/>\nfailures and strokes. This study meant to explore the calcification dispersion example of the<br \/>\ncoronary courses among diabetic and non-diabetic patients. Around 200 cases were gathered from<br \/>\nCareful Specialty Cardiovascular focus, Erbil, , the essential place for the treatment and<br \/>\nexamination of heart illnesses in Kurdistan district. Segment data was gathered and examined to<br \/>\nanalyze the commonness of calcified coronary corridors among diabetic and non-diabetic patients,<br \/>\nfamily ancestry and other gamble factors. Cardiovascular issues, like calcified course or introduced<br \/>\nindistinct processed tomography (CT) examine results were looked at between the two gatherings.<br \/>\nInformation on the pervasiveness of calcification in various coronary conduits, including right<br \/>\ncoronary vein (RCA), left principal course (LMA), left foremost dropping corridor (Chap), and<br \/>\nleft circumflex supply route (LCX), were dissected. The investigation discovered that just 88 out<br \/>\nof the 200 cases had diabetes, and the leftover cases were non-diabetic. Calcification of the<br \/>\ncoronary veins was tracked down in both diabetic and non-diabetic people. The predominance of<br \/>\ncalcified coronary corridors was seen as higher among non-diabetic contrasted with diabetic<br \/>\npatients. The outcomes showed that Fellow calcification cases were the most noteworthy followed<br \/>\nby RCA, LCX and LMA. A few gamble factors were seen as adding to heart sicknesses like<br \/>\nhypertension, corpulence, smoking, hypocholesterolemia, and family ancestry. This study gives<br \/>\nexperiences into the appropriation example of blood vessel calcification among diabetic and nondiabetic patients in Erbil, Kurdistan Area Iraq. The outcomes underline the significance of<br \/>\nconsidering factors in surveying the gamble of calcified coronary courses, especially in the Fellow.<br \/>\nNotwithstanding, it is essential to take note of that further exploration with bigger and more<br \/>\ndifferent examples is expected to approve and sum up these discoveries..<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-panel panel-default panel-31d3eedee1ce95a51 fusion-toggle-no-divider fusion-toggle-boxed-mode\"><div class=\"panel-heading\"><h4 class=\"panel-title toggle\" id=\"toggle_31d3eedee1ce95a51\"><a aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"31d3eedee1ce95a51\" role=\"button\" data-toggle=\"collapse\" data-parent=\"#accordion-474-26\" data-target=\"#31d3eedee1ce95a51\" href=\"#31d3eedee1ce95a51\"><span class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i class=\"fa-fusion-box active-icon awb-icon-minus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><i class=\"fa-fusion-box inactive-icon awb-icon-plus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fusion-toggle-heading\">Demographic Status of Thyroid Cancer Patients in Sulaymaniyah,<br \/>\nKurdistanRegion of Iraq<\/span><\/a><\/h4><\/div><div id=\"31d3eedee1ce95a51\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse \" aria-labelledby=\"toggle_31d3eedee1ce95a51\"><div class=\"panel-body toggle-content fusion-clearfix\">\n<p>By: Zhin Ahmad Mahmood<\/p>\n<p>Supervised by: Mr. Harmand H. Ali<\/p>\n<p>Abstract:<\/p>\n<p>Thyroid cancer is an endocrine cancer which originates in the cells of the thyroid gland that can<br \/>\nbe affected by demographic factors such as age and gender. The purpose of the study is to assess<br \/>\nthe demographic status of thyroid cancer patients to understand the patterns of incidence of thyroid<br \/>\ncancer in Sulaymaniyah, Kurdistan Region of Iraq, and to identify risk factors for the disease.<br \/>\nIn this retrospective study, a comprehensive analysis was performed on 684 patients who sought<br \/>\nmedical attention at Hiwa Cancer Hospital during the period spanning from January 2010 to<br \/>\nDecember 2022. The findings demonstrate an upward trend in case registration over the past ten<br \/>\nyears, with 2019 recording the greatest number of cases. The patients&#8217; ages ranged from 12 to 82,<br \/>\nwith a mean age of 42.7. According to their gender 77.64% of them were female and 22.34% were<br \/>\nmale (ratio: 3.47:1). In addition, it was found that living place can have impact on the disease for<br \/>\nthe reason that 484(77.76%) of patients were urban and 200(29.24%) were rural. In conclusion it<br \/>\nwas discovered that demographic features are correlated with thyroid cancer and women are in<br \/>\nhigher risk to be diagnosed with the disease.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-panel panel-default panel-bd91e107343c382fa fusion-toggle-no-divider fusion-toggle-boxed-mode\"><div class=\"panel-heading\"><h4 class=\"panel-title toggle\" id=\"toggle_bd91e107343c382fa\"><a aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"bd91e107343c382fa\" role=\"button\" data-toggle=\"collapse\" data-parent=\"#accordion-474-26\" data-target=\"#bd91e107343c382fa\" href=\"#bd91e107343c382fa\"><span class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i class=\"fa-fusion-box active-icon awb-icon-minus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><i class=\"fa-fusion-box inactive-icon awb-icon-plus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fusion-toggle-heading\">Traditional Medicinal Plants Used for the Treatment of<br \/>\nHypertension in Erbil-Kurdistan Region of Iraq<\/span><\/a><\/h4><\/div><div id=\"bd91e107343c382fa\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse \" aria-labelledby=\"toggle_bd91e107343c382fa\"><div class=\"panel-body toggle-content fusion-clearfix\">\n<p>By: Abdulbaqy Sadiq Salih<\/p>\n<p>Supervised by: Asst. Prof. Dr. Saber Wasman Hamad<\/p>\n<p>Abstract:<br \/>\nA chronic medical disorder called hypertension (HTN), often known as high blood pressure, causes<br \/>\nan increase in the systemic arterial blood pressure. This study&#8217;s primary objective was to identify<br \/>\nand determine the extent to which Erbil residents depend on various medicinal plants for the<br \/>\ntreatment of hypertension through ethnobotanical research. The questionnaires used as the basis<br \/>\nfor the interview contained a wide range of questions. In addition, 13 traditional herbalists were<br \/>\nvisited, and a number of therapeutic herbs were collected. The different parts of plants were<br \/>\nutilized among hypertension patients such as leave seed, root, fruit, flower, bulb, and stem. Leaf<br \/>\nparts were the most utilized part of plant which was 35% taken after by seed 15%, root 9%, fruit<br \/>\n24%, flower 0%, bulb 9% and stem 8 %, and 68% of patients combined their use of medicinal<br \/>\nherbs, whereas 32% utilized just one plant. The preparation process includes mixing, boiling, seed<br \/>\nburning, and direct methods. Most plants were said to be mixed 9%, followed by boiling 19% and<br \/>\ndirect 7%, while at least 4% of plants were reported to have had seed fires. According to the study,<br \/>\nKurdish people prefer using medicinal plants to treat hypertension than using pharmacological<br \/>\ndrugs, the people who were interviewed thought that using medicinal herbs might be advantageous<br \/>\nfor them.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-panel panel-default panel-898cb662484eb3ad3 fusion-toggle-no-divider fusion-toggle-boxed-mode\"><div class=\"panel-heading\"><h4 class=\"panel-title toggle\" id=\"toggle_898cb662484eb3ad3\"><a aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"898cb662484eb3ad3\" role=\"button\" data-toggle=\"collapse\" data-parent=\"#accordion-474-26\" data-target=\"#898cb662484eb3ad3\" href=\"#898cb662484eb3ad3\"><span class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i class=\"fa-fusion-box active-icon awb-icon-minus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><i class=\"fa-fusion-box inactive-icon awb-icon-plus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fusion-toggle-heading\">Diversity of Wild Edible Plants<\/span><\/a><\/h4><\/div><div id=\"898cb662484eb3ad3\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse \" aria-labelledby=\"toggle_898cb662484eb3ad3\"><div class=\"panel-body toggle-content fusion-clearfix\">\n<p>By: Abdurahman Hasan Babaker<\/p>\n<p>Supervised by: Asst. Prof. Dr. Abdulrahman M. Dogara<\/p>\n<p>Abstract :<br \/>\nThe biodiversity of the plant is critical in providing essential human requirements. The available<br \/>\ndata are shown that there are nearly 300,000 to 500,000 species of higher plants, even though not<br \/>\nall of them were identified. The study and identification related to wild edible plants are limited in<br \/>\ndepth locally and globally and need to be overlooked in it. The study introduces and documents<br \/>\ndifferent types of wild edible plants that are available in the Kurdistan reign of Iraq. Expert<br \/>\nsampling method was used to document the wild edible plants of the region. Twenty-five people<br \/>\nwere interviewed for this study. Of the respondents, 56% were in that age bracket (40-60), while<br \/>\n28% were older than 60 and 16% were in the 20-39 age range. There were 60% females and 40%<br \/>\nmales in the sample. There are 109 wild plants with known therapeutic uses. Fabaceae,<br \/>\nBoraginaceae, and Asteraceae are the most common families represented. The findings highlighted<br \/>\nthe significance of wild plants as a source of food and medicine by providing a thorough list of<br \/>\nwild plants and their edible portions. Further research is required to develop cultivation and<br \/>\npropagation techniques for wild edible plants to reduce the pressure on wild populations and<br \/>\nincrease their accessibility for use for food and medicine purposes<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-panel panel-default panel-2e78cd72f74025338 fusion-toggle-no-divider fusion-toggle-boxed-mode\"><div class=\"panel-heading\"><h4 class=\"panel-title toggle\" id=\"toggle_2e78cd72f74025338\"><a aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"2e78cd72f74025338\" role=\"button\" data-toggle=\"collapse\" data-parent=\"#accordion-474-26\" data-target=\"#2e78cd72f74025338\" href=\"#2e78cd72f74025338\"><span class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i class=\"fa-fusion-box active-icon awb-icon-minus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><i class=\"fa-fusion-box inactive-icon awb-icon-plus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fusion-toggle-heading\">Traditional Medicinal Plants Used for the Treatment of Rheumatoid<br \/>\nArthritis in Erbil-Kurdistan Region of Iraq <\/span><\/a><\/h4><\/div><div id=\"2e78cd72f74025338\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse \" aria-labelledby=\"toggle_2e78cd72f74025338\"><div class=\"panel-body toggle-content fusion-clearfix\">\n<p>By: Brwa Akram Salih<\/p>\n<p>Supervised by: Asst. Prof. Dr. Sabr wasman Hamad<\/p>\n<p>Abstract :<br \/>\nA persistent autoimmune condition known as rheumatoid arthritis causes stiffness, discomfort, and<br \/>\njoint swelling. Since ancient times, traditional medicinal herbs have been extensively utilized to<br \/>\ntreat a wide range of illnesses, including rheumatoid arthritis. An overview of the traditional<br \/>\nmedicinal plant uses for treating rheumatoid arthritis is given in this abstract. Traditional medicinal<br \/>\nplants&#8217; bioactive chemicals, which include anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and immunomodulatory<br \/>\neffects, are what give them their therapeutic potential. These herbs provide a comprehensive and<br \/>\nnatural way to treat rheumatoid arthritis symptoms and enhance overall wellbeing. Among others,<br \/>\nAlhagi camelorum, Althaea officinalis, Arctium lappa, Artemisia absinthium, and Astragalus<br \/>\narbusculinus are some of the traditional medicinal plants for rheumatoid arthritis that are frequently<br \/>\nexplored. The study interviewed with herbalist 20 respondents of the total number of interviews<br \/>\n80% happened to be men and 20%were women. Out of a total of 20 interviews with herbalist and<br \/>\ngot the names of 27 plants were documented from 15 families which Apiaceae was having the<br \/>\nhighest abundance whereas, Lamiaceae family was the least. Seed and root parts were the most<br \/>\nutilized part of plant which was 32%. The usage of medicinal plants from patients mostly combines<br \/>\n75% while about 25% were used as single. These medicinal plants are different according to their<br \/>\ndifferent part and stage of using (seedling stage, leaves, root, rhizomes, aerial, fruit, bulbs). Mostly<br \/>\n(root and seed).<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-panel panel-default panel-8bf09101dc6bc922b fusion-toggle-no-divider fusion-toggle-boxed-mode\"><div class=\"panel-heading\"><h4 class=\"panel-title toggle\" id=\"toggle_8bf09101dc6bc922b\"><a aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"8bf09101dc6bc922b\" role=\"button\" data-toggle=\"collapse\" data-parent=\"#accordion-474-26\" data-target=\"#8bf09101dc6bc922b\" href=\"#8bf09101dc6bc922b\"><span class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i class=\"fa-fusion-box active-icon awb-icon-minus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><i class=\"fa-fusion-box inactive-icon awb-icon-plus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fusion-toggle-heading\">MORPHOLOGY AND MEDICINAL USES OF POMEGRANATE<br \/>\nIN KURDISTAN REGION <\/span><\/a><\/h4><\/div><div id=\"8bf09101dc6bc922b\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse \" aria-labelledby=\"toggle_8bf09101dc6bc922b\"><div class=\"panel-body toggle-content fusion-clearfix\">\n<p>By: Dana Luqman Qadr<\/p>\n<p>Supervised by: Asst. Prof. Dr. Abdulrahman Mahmoud Dogara<\/p>\n<p>Abstract :<br \/>\nPomegranate (Punica granatum) is an internationally renowned fruit appreciated for its delicious<br \/>\nflavor, cultural importance, and diverse range of potential health advantages, thus making it a<br \/>\nvaluable dietary option. Currently, there is a lack of information regarding the geomorphology and<br \/>\nmedicinal properties of pomegranates in this region. Additionally, there is a challenge in<br \/>\npreserving pomegranates without the use of refrigeration methods. The aim of this study is to<br \/>\ndocument data on the ethnomedicinal value, morphological structure, and traditional storage<br \/>\nmethods of pomegranates in Halabja, Kurdistan. To achieve this, samples of different pomegranate<br \/>\nvarieties present in Halabja were collected through visits to local experts and farmers. The<br \/>\ncollected data was analyzed using Excel to determine the mean value, also we used twenty different<br \/>\nmorphological characteristics of pomegranate leaf to differentiate between different varieties of<br \/>\nthe plant. The results of this study reveal the presence of four major pomegranate varieties in<br \/>\nHalabja, namely Amer\u00eek\u00ee, Salexan\u00ee, s\u00fbr\u00ee, and Sazan. Additionally, four different traditional storage<br \/>\nmethods were identified. Furthermore, the medicinal uses of pomegranate were found to be<br \/>\nextensive, with more than 20 diseases being treatable using different parts of the plant. This<br \/>\nresearch provides valuable insights into the morphology, traditional storage practices, and<br \/>\nmedicinal applications of pomegranate in the Kurdistan region, contributing to the existing<br \/>\nknowledge of this versatile fruit. Still Yearly studies needed on pomegranate in Halabja and<br \/>\nKurdistan region, because each new year farmers are planting a new variety of pomegranate and<br \/>\nevery day new diseases are finding to be treated with pomegranate plant and its parts.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"fusion-panel panel-default panel-d8ba5ab22636a76c8 fusion-toggle-no-divider fusion-toggle-boxed-mode\"><div class=\"panel-heading\"><h4 class=\"panel-title toggle\" id=\"toggle_d8ba5ab22636a76c8\"><a aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"d8ba5ab22636a76c8\" role=\"button\" data-toggle=\"collapse\" data-parent=\"#accordion-474-26\" data-target=\"#d8ba5ab22636a76c8\" href=\"#d8ba5ab22636a76c8\"><span class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i class=\"fa-fusion-box active-icon awb-icon-minus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><i class=\"fa-fusion-box inactive-icon awb-icon-plus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fusion-toggle-heading\">MORPHOLOGY AND MEDICINAL USES OF OLEA EUROPAEA <\/span><\/a><\/h4><\/div><div id=\"d8ba5ab22636a76c8\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse \" aria-labelledby=\"toggle_d8ba5ab22636a76c8\"><div class=\"panel-body toggle-content fusion-clearfix\">\n<p>By: Danyar Ali<\/p>\n<p>Supervised by: Asst. Prof. Dr. Abdulrahman M. Dogara<\/p>\n<p>Abstract :<br \/>\nOlea europaea L., which originated in the Mediterranean region and some regions of Asia, is now<br \/>\nwidely grown in many other regions of the world to produce table olives and olive oil. Olives are<br \/>\na great source of essential nutrients and bioactive with potential medical and therapeutic uses.<br \/>\nOlive oil has been used for health purposes. Al-Nur Chapter 24 praises the olive as a wonderful<br \/>\nfruit (Quran 24:35). It will be challenging to distinguish between Olea europaea cultivars for<br \/>\nresearch on the manufacturing of pharmaceutical and herbal medicines. The macro characteristics<br \/>\nand therapeutic applications of Olea europaea in the Kurdistan region will be described in depth<br \/>\nin the current study. Macro features were analyses and purposive sampling was carried out to<br \/>\ndocument the traditional uses of Olea europaea in Sulaymaniyah, Kurdistan region, Iraq. The<br \/>\nstudy found there are three major cultivars of Olea europaea in Sulaymaniyah, Kurdistan region:<br \/>\nIraqi olive, Syria olive and Spanish olive. The plants are traditionally used to treat diverse of<br \/>\ndiseases such as hypertension, diabetes, and hair loss. Overall, this study highlights the Olea<br \/>\neuropaea plant&#8217;s traditional medical uses among the Kurdish people and offers insightful<br \/>\ninformation for further study and the creation of herbal medicines derived from this plant. Future<br \/>\nstudies in this field can concentrate on carrying out pharmacological tests to verify the therapeutic<br \/>\nbenefits of Olea europaea that the Kurdish people have recognized and investigating the potential<br \/>\nbioactive chemicals that might be present in various portions of the plan<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"fusion-panel panel-default panel-3fe87c419fbef2eee fusion-toggle-no-divider fusion-toggle-boxed-mode\"><div class=\"panel-heading\"><h4 class=\"panel-title toggle\" id=\"toggle_3fe87c419fbef2eee\"><a aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"3fe87c419fbef2eee\" role=\"button\" data-toggle=\"collapse\" data-parent=\"#accordion-474-26\" data-target=\"#3fe87c419fbef2eee\" href=\"#3fe87c419fbef2eee\"><span class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i class=\"fa-fusion-box active-icon awb-icon-minus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><i class=\"fa-fusion-box inactive-icon awb-icon-plus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fusion-toggle-heading\">The Prevalence and the Survival Rate of Chronic Kidney Dialysis<br \/>\nDisease CKD in Erbil Before and After Covid-19<\/span><\/a><\/h4><\/div><div id=\"3fe87c419fbef2eee\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse \" aria-labelledby=\"toggle_3fe87c419fbef2eee\"><div class=\"panel-body toggle-content fusion-clearfix\">\n<p>By: Darya Dara Salih<\/p>\n<p>Supervised by: Mrs. Sawsan Hammed<\/p>\n<p>Abstract :<br \/>\nA major global public health issue that affects people of all ages is kidney disease (CKD). Dialysis<br \/>\nmust be implemented as a crucial treatment option for people whose kidneys are impaired, making<br \/>\nthem incapable of effectively filtering blood. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and<br \/>\nthe survival rate of chronic kidney dialysis disease CKD in Erbil before and after covid-19. Data<br \/>\nwas collected from Rohana Center in Erbil Kurdistan region, the main and only center for kidney<br \/>\ndialysis. The demographic information of patients who were admitted to the hospital for kidney<br \/>\ndialysis was collected. The data were compared before and after covid-2019, from 2017 to 2022.<br \/>\nThe results showed the total number of patients on dialysis was 652 patients, with the majority<br \/>\nbeing above the age of 60 years old. Throughout all years, the number of male patients who are<br \/>\ndoing dialysis was higher than females. The result also showed that the number of patients who<br \/>\nare undergoing kidney dialysis was reduced after covid-19. Before covid-19, during 2017 and<br \/>\n2018, the center received more cases from outside Erbil compared to after covid. Interestingly,<br \/>\nduring 2021 and 2022 the number of received cases from outside Erbil increased again. Moreover,<br \/>\nafter covid19, the number of death cases has increased significantly to double in 2020, particularly<br \/>\namong men. The study also revealed that renal dialysis patients had a median survival rate of 7 to<br \/>\n8 years. This report emphasizes the prevalence of comorbidities among renal dialysis patients. In<br \/>\nconclusion, this study emphasizes the necessity of more investigation to comprehend the reasons<br \/>\nbehind gender differences and survival rates in dialysis patients in the Erbil Kurdistan Region.<br \/>\nThese results highlight the value of individualized therapies and all-encompassing care for renal<br \/>\ndialysis patients.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"fusion-panel panel-default panel-a4df06a4b4f3dc3d2 fusion-toggle-no-divider fusion-toggle-boxed-mode\"><div class=\"panel-heading\"><h4 class=\"panel-title toggle\" id=\"toggle_a4df06a4b4f3dc3d2\"><a aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"a4df06a4b4f3dc3d2\" role=\"button\" data-toggle=\"collapse\" data-parent=\"#accordion-474-26\" data-target=\"#a4df06a4b4f3dc3d2\" href=\"#a4df06a4b4f3dc3d2\"><span class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i class=\"fa-fusion-box active-icon awb-icon-minus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><i class=\"fa-fusion-box inactive-icon awb-icon-plus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fusion-toggle-heading\">Biochemical Actions of Melia Azedarach Seed Extracts and Its<br \/>\nActivities in Controlling Weeds<\/span><\/a><\/h4><\/div><div id=\"a4df06a4b4f3dc3d2\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse \" aria-labelledby=\"toggle_a4df06a4b4f3dc3d2\"><div class=\"panel-body toggle-content fusion-clearfix\">\n<p>By: Farida Hassan Ebrahim<\/p>\n<p>Supervised by: Asst. Prof. Dr. Saber Wasman Hamad<\/p>\n<p>Abstract :<br \/>\nAllelopathy is considered as a biochemical process which plants excrete several types of<br \/>\nsubstances which have allelopathic effects on seed germination and seedling growth of other<br \/>\nplants. This experiment was conducted to examine allelopathic effects of Melia azedarach aqueous<br \/>\nseed extract on seed germination and seedling growth of rapeseed (Brassica napus), wheat<br \/>\n(Triticum aestivum), and barley (Hordeum vulgare) The study was performed in sanitized petri<br \/>\ndishes for seven days at 22C0<br \/>\n. The experimental design was arranged for completely randomized<br \/>\ndesign (CRD). In terms of concentrations, (0%, 2.5, 5%, 7.5% and 10%) were chosen for this<br \/>\nexperiment. The results showed that big concentrations (7.5% and 10%) aqueous seed extracts<br \/>\nofMelia azedarach had significant inhibitory effect on seed germination while the least<br \/>\nconcentration (%2.5) caused the lowest significant influence in seed germination parameter. Other<br \/>\nstudy parameters such as shoot length, root length, shoot dry weight, and root dry weight were<br \/>\nsignificantly affected at concentrations (7.5 and 10%). The results illustrated that the B. napus<br \/>\nturned out to be the most sensitive studied plants to the application of M. azedarach aqueous seed<br \/>\nextracts. The findings of this experiment suggest that M. azedarach can be recommended to use<br \/>\nas an alternativeherbicide in the future.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"fusion-panel panel-default panel-68e5d45e8dfabe052 fusion-toggle-no-divider fusion-toggle-boxed-mode\"><div class=\"panel-heading\"><h4 class=\"panel-title toggle\" id=\"toggle_68e5d45e8dfabe052\"><a aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"68e5d45e8dfabe052\" role=\"button\" data-toggle=\"collapse\" data-parent=\"#accordion-474-26\" data-target=\"#68e5d45e8dfabe052\" href=\"#68e5d45e8dfabe052\"><span class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i class=\"fa-fusion-box active-icon awb-icon-minus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><i class=\"fa-fusion-box inactive-icon awb-icon-plus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fusion-toggle-heading\">Prevelance and Susceptibility Profiling of Gram-Negative<br \/>\nPathogenic Bacteria in Orthodontic Patients with Fixed Appliances<br \/>\nin Erbil City,Kurdistan Region <\/span><\/a><\/h4><\/div><div id=\"68e5d45e8dfabe052\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse \" aria-labelledby=\"toggle_68e5d45e8dfabe052\"><div class=\"panel-body toggle-content fusion-clearfix\">\n<p>By: Ihsan Kala<\/p>\n<p>Supervised by: Heshu J. Ahmed<\/p>\n<p>Abstract :<br \/>\nOrthodontic appliances in the oral cavity have an effect on the oral microbiota. This might have<br \/>\nsevere consequences, such as dental caries or periodontal issues, which can damage the<br \/>\npatient&#8217;s quality of life. Microorganisms that develop around the brackets of a fixed orthodontic<br \/>\nappliance might enter the patient&#8217;s circulation during operations that modify the oral tissues,<br \/>\ncausing temporary bacteremia. Transient bacteremia is strongly linked to procedures such as<br \/>\nremoving a Haas expander device, placing orthodontic mini-implants, installing and removing<br \/>\northodontic bands, and even brushing with the appliance. Eighty-eight saliva specimens were<br \/>\ncollected from individuals with fixed appliances and twenty-five from individuals with no<br \/>\nappliances, processed and prepared to be cultured. Blood agar and MacConkey agar were used<br \/>\nfor culturing then results were confirmed and evaluated for antibiotic susceptibility, using<br \/>\nVitek2 system. Isolation of gram-negative bacteria was more prevalent among individuals with<br \/>\nappliances that showed (21.2%) compared to individuals without appliances (5.3%), most<br \/>\nisolates were among people with braces (33%), followed by fillings (27.45%). Five (20.8%)<br \/>\nspecies of Pseudomonas were Isolated that showed different antibiotic susceptibility profiles;<br \/>\nHowever, the highest percentage of isolated gram-negative bacteria was Klebsiella Oxytoca<br \/>\n(45.8%). The high percentage of isolates of gram negatives in people with appliances<br \/>\nunderlines that installing orthodontic appliances increases the chance of occurrence of gramnegative bacteria with incidences of resistant pathogens.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"fusion-panel panel-default panel-43b0c512f42a7e465 fusion-toggle-no-divider fusion-toggle-boxed-mode\"><div class=\"panel-heading\"><h4 class=\"panel-title toggle\" id=\"toggle_43b0c512f42a7e465\"><a aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"43b0c512f42a7e465\" role=\"button\" data-toggle=\"collapse\" data-parent=\"#accordion-474-26\" data-target=\"#43b0c512f42a7e465\" href=\"#43b0c512f42a7e465\"><span class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i class=\"fa-fusion-box active-icon awb-icon-minus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><i class=\"fa-fusion-box inactive-icon awb-icon-plus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fusion-toggle-heading\">PATTERN OF CALCIUM DISTRIBUTION AMONG PATIENTS<br \/>\nON LIPID LOWERING AGENT THERAPY<\/span><\/a><\/h4><\/div><div id=\"43b0c512f42a7e465\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse \" aria-labelledby=\"toggle_43b0c512f42a7e465\"><div class=\"panel-body toggle-content fusion-clearfix\">\n<p>By: Iman Abdullah Hassan<\/p>\n<p>Supervised by: Mrs. Sawsan Hamed<\/p>\n<p>Abstract :<br \/>\nLipid-bringing down specialists, for example, statins generally are usually utilized as a treatment<br \/>\nto much lower the cholesterol levels, which is genuinely huge. These medications influence the<br \/>\nappropriation of calcium in the body by affecting the calcium digestion which increment the<br \/>\ngamble of cardiovascular illness. Coronary Supply route Infection (computer aided design)<br \/>\ngenerally is the normal coronary illness around the world, which for the most part is genuinely<br \/>\ncritical. This study planned to by and large examine the calcification conveyance design among<br \/>\npatients on lipid-bringing down specialist treatment and in a real sense decide any potential gamble<br \/>\nconsider a major way. The coronary CT angiography reports that truly incorporate the calcium<br \/>\nscore sort of were gathered from the conceded patients of the Careful Specialty Heart Center, Erbil,<br \/>\nIraq in a significant way. The outcome certainly found that among patients on lipid-bringing down<br \/>\nspecialist treatment, there was a different dissemination example of calcium store, for certain<br \/>\npatients showing raised calcium levels while others in a real sense had genuinely typical or<br \/>\ngenerally diminished levels in an exceptionally large manner. Out of the 200 especially analyzed<br \/>\ncases, just 70 patients in a real sense are taking lipid bringing down specialist. This proposes a<br \/>\ntruly intricate connection between lipid-bringing down specialists and the calcification of veins,<br \/>\nwhich sort of is genuinely critical. Roughly 46% of patients truly were smokers, which generally<br \/>\nraises the chance of a connection among smoking and vascular calcification, which truly is very<br \/>\nhuge. Smoking explicitly is a kind of notable gamble factor for cardiovascular illnesses, including<br \/>\natherosclerosis, which can bring about blood vessel calcification, which is very huge. Roughly<br \/>\n64.29% of people with blood vessel calcification were over the age of 40, while 53.57% of people<br \/>\nwith blood vessel calcification were females, and 46.43% explicitly were guys. This recommends<br \/>\nthat blood vessel calcification may in every practical sense, influence ladies certainly more than<br \/>\nmen in a significant manner. These discoveries sort of recommend that lipid-bringing down<br \/>\nspecialist treatment may truly affect calcium dissemination in patients, with age and smoking<br \/>\nespecially are huge gamble factors for blood vessel calcification in the two guys and females, or<br \/>\nso they most certainly thought. This perception features the significance of checking calcium levels<br \/>\nin patients going through this treatment to guarantee their very generally speaking wellbeing and<br \/>\nprosperity amazingly. Further examination for the most part is in a real sense prescribed to<br \/>\nexplicitly investigate the basic components behind these examples and truly explore kind of<br \/>\nIV<br \/>\npossible ramifications for patient administration and treatment results in a by and large huge<br \/>\nmanner.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"fusion-panel panel-default panel-ae0b2bf4756e25ad7 fusion-toggle-no-divider fusion-toggle-boxed-mode\"><div class=\"panel-heading\"><h4 class=\"panel-title toggle\" id=\"toggle_ae0b2bf4756e25ad7\"><a aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"ae0b2bf4756e25ad7\" role=\"button\" data-toggle=\"collapse\" data-parent=\"#accordion-474-26\" data-target=\"#ae0b2bf4756e25ad7\" href=\"#ae0b2bf4756e25ad7\"><span class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i class=\"fa-fusion-box active-icon awb-icon-minus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><i class=\"fa-fusion-box inactive-icon awb-icon-plus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fusion-toggle-heading\">Ethnobotany of medicinal plants used inKurdistan<br \/>\nRegion of Iraq <\/span><\/a><\/h4><\/div><div id=\"ae0b2bf4756e25ad7\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse \" aria-labelledby=\"toggle_ae0b2bf4756e25ad7\"><div class=\"panel-body toggle-content fusion-clearfix\">\n<p>By: Ismail Askandar Marouf<\/p>\n<p>Supervised by: Dr. Saber Wasman Hamad<\/p>\n<p>Abstract :<br \/>\nEthnobotany is an interdisciplinary field of study that investigates the complex relationships<br \/>\nbetween humans and plants. It seeks to understand the traditional knowledge, beliefs, and practices<br \/>\nof different cultures regarding the use of plants for medicinal, cultural, and economic purposes.<br \/>\nThe study of ethnobotany has gained increasing relevance in recent years due to global<br \/>\nenvironmental concerns and the recognition of the value of traditional knowledge in addressing<br \/>\nsocial, ecological, and economic challenges. This study&#8217;s primary objective was to discover and<br \/>\ndetermine how far individuals in Kurdistan Region depend on different medicinal plants for the<br \/>\ndifferent treatment purposes. There were visitsto different citiesin Kurdistan Region includingthree<br \/>\nmajor cities (Erbil, Sulaymaniyah and Duhok) which the data was collected in herbalist<br \/>\nprofessional\u2019s shop and medicinal plants were collected. The questionnaires used as the basis for<br \/>\nthe interview contained a wide range of questions. According to the study, Kurdish people prefer<br \/>\nemploying medicinal herbs to treat their illnesses rather than pharmaceutical narcotics. They think<br \/>\nthat using medicinal plants to treat various disorders may be advantageous. Eighty-two percent of<br \/>\nthe 50 respondents that were interviewed for the study were men, while 18 percent were women.<br \/>\nOut of a total of of fifty interviews with herbalists, 90 plant names from 43 families were recorded,<br \/>\nwith Lamiaceae having the highest frequency and Linaceae having the lowest. The 35% of the<br \/>\nplant&#8217;s components that were used the most were the leaf portions. Patients often mix 75% of the<br \/>\ntherapeutic herbs they utilize, with only 25% being used alone. The many parts and stages of use<br \/>\nof these medicinal plants (seedling stage, leaves, shoots, fruit, flowers, and bulbs) determine how<br \/>\nthey differ from one another. (Leaves and seed) mostly. Most of these plants may be used for a<br \/>\nvariety of things, including spice, salad, cooked and jam, raw food, tea, and other things. Most<br \/>\noften, usage involves boiling and eating uncooked. The results of this study are extremely<br \/>\nimportant for developing a global biological conservation strategy to protect the region of<br \/>\nKurdistan&#8217;s outstanding biodiversity and ethnobotanical history.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"fusion-panel panel-default panel-4160b3235e70f4928 fusion-toggle-no-divider fusion-toggle-boxed-mode\"><div class=\"panel-heading\"><h4 class=\"panel-title toggle\" id=\"toggle_4160b3235e70f4928\"><a aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"4160b3235e70f4928\" role=\"button\" data-toggle=\"collapse\" data-parent=\"#accordion-474-26\" data-target=\"#4160b3235e70f4928\" href=\"#4160b3235e70f4928\"><span class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i class=\"fa-fusion-box active-icon awb-icon-minus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><i class=\"fa-fusion-box inactive-icon awb-icon-plus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fusion-toggle-heading\">Evaluation of Oxidative Stress and Vascular Dysfunction Markers<br \/>\nin Acute Coronary Syndrome: Insights into Potential Diagnostic and<br \/>\nPrognostic Biomarkers<\/span><\/a><\/h4><\/div><div id=\"4160b3235e70f4928\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse \" aria-labelledby=\"toggle_4160b3235e70f4928\"><div class=\"panel-body toggle-content fusion-clearfix\">\n<p>By: Nazdar Hawar Zrar<\/p>\n<p>Supervised by: Ms. Zhikal Omar Khudhur<\/p>\n<p>Abstract :<br \/>\nObjective: A sudden blockage of the coronary arteries causes the severe disease known as acute<br \/>\ncoronary syndrome (ACS), which prevents enough blood from reaching the cardiac myocytes.<br \/>\nThis study examined the diagnostic and prognostic value of serum endothelin 1, malondialdehyde<br \/>\n(MDA), nitric oxide (NO), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in ACS.<br \/>\nMethods: The study included 104 healthy volunteers and 90 patients with ACS treated at the Erbil<br \/>\nCardiac Centre in Iraq&#8217;s Kurdistan Region. All of those who took part identified as Kurds. Serum<br \/>\nsamples were used for MDA, NO, SOD, and endothelin-1 measurement, while whole blood<br \/>\nsamples were used for complete blood count testing after excluding individuals with diabetes,<br \/>\nhypertension, and smoking.<br \/>\nResults: The results showed that no significant difference in MDA and SOD levels between the<br \/>\nACS and control groups. However, compared to the control group (24.66 \u00b1 0.508) the<br \/>\nconcentration of NO was found to be significantly higher in ACS (29.07 \u00b1 0.683) patients.<br \/>\nSurprisingly, the endothelin level was unexpectedly higher in the control group (150.2 \u00b1 26.90)<br \/>\nwhen compared to ACS patients (42.59 \u00b11.920).<br \/>\nConclusion: As a result, these results imply that an imbalance in the serum endothelin-1 level may<br \/>\ncontribute to the pathophysiology of ACS. Elevated NO levels in ACS patients may contribute to<br \/>\nthe onset or progression of the condition and may act as a biomarker for both diagnosis and<br \/>\nprognosis. It is necessary to conduct more research to understand the processes underlying these<br \/>\nfindings and to examine the potential clinical ramifications of changed endothelin and NO levels<br \/>\nin ACS. Understanding these molecular alterations may help to create new therapeutic approaches<br \/>\nand reveal important information about the pathogenesis of ACS. <\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"fusion-panel panel-default panel-42b4de3dd22da702e fusion-toggle-no-divider fusion-toggle-boxed-mode\"><div class=\"panel-heading\"><h4 class=\"panel-title toggle\" id=\"toggle_42b4de3dd22da702e\"><a aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"42b4de3dd22da702e\" role=\"button\" data-toggle=\"collapse\" data-parent=\"#accordion-474-26\" data-target=\"#42b4de3dd22da702e\" href=\"#42b4de3dd22da702e\"><span class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i class=\"fa-fusion-box active-icon awb-icon-minus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><i class=\"fa-fusion-box inactive-icon awb-icon-plus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fusion-toggle-heading\">Exploring the Role of APP Gene Mutations in Alzheimer's Disease:<br \/>\nA Systematic Review<\/span><\/a><\/h4><\/div><div id=\"42b4de3dd22da702e\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse \" aria-labelledby=\"toggle_42b4de3dd22da702e\"><div class=\"panel-body toggle-content fusion-clearfix\">\n<p>By: Rana Ozer<\/p>\n<p>Supervised by: Mr. Harmand H.<\/p>\n<p>Abstract :<br \/>\nCurrently more than 25 million people worldwide possess dementia, the majority of whom suffer<br \/>\nespecially from Alzheimer\u2019s Disease. Recent studies proclaimed the risk factor of mutations in<br \/>\nAPP protein in progression of Alzheimer\u2019s Disease. Consequently, the current study aims to focus<br \/>\non clinical significance, prevalence and types of sequencing methods utilized to detect and assess<br \/>\nthe variants participating in pathophysiology of the ailment.<br \/>\nThe databases of Google Scholar, Scopus, PubMed, Science Direct, Elsevier were examined for<br \/>\nthe published papers. The reviewed result showed amyloid depositions primarily leading to<br \/>\nplaques, are discovered to be highly associated with nearly 70 different mutational variants of APP<br \/>\ngene. Moreover, critical analysis mainly revealed the impact and role of APP; as it increases the<br \/>\nratio of AB40:AB42, while decreasing the total AB42 levels triggering an aggregation of APP<br \/>\npeptides. In addition, 50 % of these mutations are reported to occur in Exon 17 following by Exon<br \/>\n16 (16%) and lastly Exon 14,7 and 6 by 4% each. Our results also suggest that most frequent<br \/>\nmutation occurred is missense point, deletion, duplication substitution and silent mutations<br \/>\nrespectively. In conclusion, this study provides compelling evidence of the significant association<br \/>\nbetween mutations in the amyloid precursor protein (APP) gene and the pathophysiology of<br \/>\nAlzheimer&#8217;s Disease (AD).<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"fusion-panel panel-default panel-2bd4397c7af8d0bfb fusion-toggle-no-divider fusion-toggle-boxed-mode\"><div class=\"panel-heading\"><h4 class=\"panel-title toggle\" id=\"toggle_2bd4397c7af8d0bfb\"><a aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"2bd4397c7af8d0bfb\" role=\"button\" data-toggle=\"collapse\" data-parent=\"#accordion-474-26\" data-target=\"#2bd4397c7af8d0bfb\" href=\"#2bd4397c7af8d0bfb\"><span class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i class=\"fa-fusion-box active-icon awb-icon-minus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><i class=\"fa-fusion-box inactive-icon awb-icon-plus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fusion-toggle-heading\">MICROBIOLOY, EPIDIMYOLOGY, MULYI-DRUG<br \/>\nRESISTANCE AMONG LEUKEMIA PATIENTS WITH<br \/>\nINFECTIONS IN ERBIL CITY AMONG UNDERGRADUATE<br \/>\nSTUDENT OF TISHK INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY<\/span><\/a><\/h4><\/div><div id=\"2bd4397c7af8d0bfb\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse \" aria-labelledby=\"toggle_2bd4397c7af8d0bfb\"><div class=\"panel-body toggle-content fusion-clearfix\">\n<p>By: Rayan Muhammed Aziz<\/p>\n<p>Supervised by: Ms. Heshu Jalal Ahmed<\/p>\n<p>Abstract :<br \/>\nPatients with leukemia have a weakened immune system, making them more vulnerable to<br \/>\ninfections. This study aimed to investigate the microbiology, epidemiology, and multi-drug<br \/>\nresistance patterns among leukemia patients with infections in Erbil City.<br \/>\nWe collected 460 data from Nanakali Hospital, excluding duplicates and incomplete data from the<br \/>\nanalysis. The results showed that 58.6% of the infected patients were female, while 41.3% were<br \/>\nmale. The urine specimens accounted for 71.7% of the positive infection cases, followed by<br \/>\nsputum (8.6%), blood (8.6%), swab (6.5%), and stool (2.1%) samples.<br \/>\nThe majority of infections were caused by E. coli (54.3%), followed by K. pneumoniae (32.6%),<br \/>\nstreptococcal species (8.6%), Enterobacter species (2.1%), and Proteus mirabilis (2.1%).<br \/>\nAntibiotic susceptibility testing was performed using the Vitek2 system, revealing high resistance<br \/>\nagainst Ampicillin and fluoroquinolone agents. Conversely, the highest sensitivity was observed<br \/>\nagainst Amikacin.<br \/>\nThese findings underscore the significance of comprehending the microbial profile and drug<br \/>\nresistance patterns among leukemia patients with infections in Erbil City. Such knowledge is<br \/>\nessential for guiding appropriate treatment strategies, optimizing antimicrobial therapy, and<br \/>\npreventing the spread of multi-drug resistant infections in this vulnerable patient population.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"fusion-panel panel-default panel-8f1fdec3c68fc8531 fusion-toggle-no-divider fusion-toggle-boxed-mode\"><div class=\"panel-heading\"><h4 class=\"panel-title toggle\" id=\"toggle_8f1fdec3c68fc8531\"><a aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"8f1fdec3c68fc8531\" role=\"button\" data-toggle=\"collapse\" data-parent=\"#accordion-474-26\" data-target=\"#8f1fdec3c68fc8531\" href=\"#8f1fdec3c68fc8531\"><span class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i class=\"fa-fusion-box active-icon awb-icon-minus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><i class=\"fa-fusion-box inactive-icon awb-icon-plus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fusion-toggle-heading\">IMPACT OF HEAVY SMOKING ON OXIDATIVE STRESS PARAMETERS,<br \/>\nENDOTHELIN-1 AND COMPLETE BLOOD COUNT: A COMPARATIVE<br \/>\nANALYSIS BETWEEN HEALTHY CONTROL AND HEAVY SMOKERS <\/span><\/a><\/h4><\/div><div id=\"8f1fdec3c68fc8531\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse \" aria-labelledby=\"toggle_8f1fdec3c68fc8531\"><div class=\"panel-body toggle-content fusion-clearfix\">\n<p>By: Shayma Muhammed<\/p>\n<p>Supervised by: Mrs. Zhikal Omar Khudhur<\/p>\n<p>Abstract :<br \/>\nBackground: heavy smoking offers considerable health concerns and is linked to a number of negative<br \/>\nconsequences on the body. This study aims to examine the relationship between smoking and biomarkers of<br \/>\noxidative stress, endothelial dysfunction (ED), and hematological parameters.<br \/>\nMethodology: One hundred four healthy males and 96 male heavy smokers were recruited for this study. To<br \/>\nachieve a homogeneous sample, chronically ill people were omitted from the study. Blood samples were taken<br \/>\nfor ELISA examination of nitric oxide (NO), Malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and<br \/>\nEndothelin-1 (ET-1) levels, whereas whole blood samples were used for complete blood count (CBC)<br \/>\nevaluation.<br \/>\nResults: The results demonstrated a significant rise in MDA and NO levels in the heavy smokers group<br \/>\ncompared to the control group. These results demonstrate an association between heavy smoking and<br \/>\nincreased lipid peroxidation and oxidative damage. In contrast, the SOD levels of heavy smokers were<br \/>\nconsiderably lower than those of healthy controls (15.03 \u00b1 0.164), indicating a weakened antioxidant defense.<br \/>\nSurprisingly, the level of ET-1 in heavy smokers was much lower than in the control group, indicating a<br \/>\npotential modification in endothelial function. In addition, the CBC research revealed that heavy smokers have<br \/>\naltered blood parameters.<br \/>\nConclusion: This study emphasizes the negative effect of heavy smoking on oxidative balance and<br \/>\nphysiological indicators, highlighting the need of quitting smoking and managing oxidative stress for the<br \/>\nmaintenance of general health.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><div class=\"nav fusion-mobile-tab-nav\"><ul class=\"nav-tabs nav-justified\" role=\"tablist\"><li role=\"presentation\"><a class=\"tab-link\" data-toggle=\"tab\" role=\"tab\" aria-controls=\"tab-eaaa222bff320a3e231\" aria-selected=\"false\" tabindex=\"-1\" id=\"mobile-fusion-tab-2023-2024\" href=\"#tab-eaaa222bff320a3e231\"><h4 class=\"fusion-tab-heading\">2023-2024<\/h4><\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div><div class=\"tab-pane fade fusion-clearfix\" role=\"tabpanel\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-labelledby=\"fusion-tab-2023-2024\" id=\"tab-eaaa222bff320a3e231\">\n<div class=\"accordian fusion-accordian\" style=\"--awb-border-size:0px;--awb-icon-size:25px;--awb-content-font-size:15px;--awb-icon-alignment:left;--awb-hover-color:#ffffff;--awb-border-color:#e7e4e2;--awb-background-color:#ffffff;--awb-divider-color:#e7e4e2;--awb-divider-hover-color:#e7e4e2;--awb-icon-color:#f09a3e;--awb-title-color:#ef9a3d;--awb-content-color:#7e8890;--awb-icon-box-color:#333333;--awb-toggle-hover-accent-color:#f09a3e;--awb-title-font-family:&quot;Open Sans&quot;;--awb-title-font-weight:700;--awb-title-font-style:normal;--awb-title-font-size:15px;--awb-content-font-family:&quot;Open Sans&quot;;--awb-content-font-style:normal;--awb-content-font-weight:400;\"><div class=\"panel-group fusion-toggle-icon-unboxed\" id=\"accordion-474-27\"><div class=\"fusion-panel panel-default panel-b8a6a9bb37be5646a fusion-toggle-no-divider fusion-toggle-boxed-mode\"><div class=\"panel-heading\"><h4 class=\"panel-title toggle\" id=\"toggle_b8a6a9bb37be5646a\"><a aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"b8a6a9bb37be5646a\" role=\"button\" data-toggle=\"collapse\" data-parent=\"#accordion-474-27\" data-target=\"#b8a6a9bb37be5646a\" href=\"#b8a6a9bb37be5646a\"><span class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i class=\"fa-fusion-box active-icon awb-icon-minus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><i class=\"fa-fusion-box inactive-icon awb-icon-plus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fusion-toggle-heading\">Prevalence Of MRSA Genes in Kurdistan Region: Systematic<br \/>\nReview<\/span><\/a><\/h4><\/div><div id=\"b8a6a9bb37be5646a\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse \" aria-labelledby=\"toggle_b8a6a9bb37be5646a\"><div class=\"panel-body toggle-content fusion-clearfix\">\n<p>By: Khanda Tariq Salim<\/p>\n<p>Supervised by: Ms. Heshu J. Ahmed<\/p>\n<p><strong>Abstract<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The frequency of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is now<br \/>\non the rise in Kurdistan region, and it\u2019s now posing a significant threat to the<br \/>\npublic health as these strains are showing resistance to multiple antibiotics. This<br \/>\nsystematic review aims to shed light on the status of MRSA prevalence in<br \/>\nKurdistan region. Major databases were used to conduct our search such as<br \/>\nScience direct, Google scholar, PubMed, and Hindawi using predefined search<br \/>\nwords. Inclusion criteria included studies that reported prevalence of MRSA<br \/>\namong clinical patients in Kurdistan Iraq, then filtration and eligibility<br \/>\nscreening was performed. The initial search provided (244 studies) of which<br \/>\n(only 14) met the inclusion criteria. The data demonstrated an increasing rate<br \/>\nof MRSA isolates especially in Duhok and Erbil with high detection rates of<br \/>\nmec A gene, Factors contributing to this variability include differences in study<br \/>\npopulations, sample sizes, and methodologies. This systematic review<br \/>\nhighlights the varying prevalence of MRSA in the Kurdistan Region. Further<br \/>\nresearch is needed to understand the epidemiology of MRSA and to develop<br \/>\neffective strategies for prevention and control in this region.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"accordian fusion-accordian\" style=\"--awb-border-size:0px;--awb-icon-size:25px;--awb-content-font-size:15px;--awb-icon-alignment:left;--awb-hover-color:#ffffff;--awb-border-color:#e7e4e2;--awb-background-color:#ffffff;--awb-divider-color:#e7e4e2;--awb-divider-hover-color:#e7e4e2;--awb-icon-color:#f09a3e;--awb-title-color:#ef9a3d;--awb-content-color:#7e8890;--awb-icon-box-color:#333333;--awb-toggle-hover-accent-color:#f09a3e;--awb-title-font-family:&quot;Open Sans&quot;;--awb-title-font-weight:700;--awb-title-font-style:normal;--awb-title-font-size:15px;--awb-content-font-family:&quot;Open Sans&quot;;--awb-content-font-style:normal;--awb-content-font-weight:400;\"><div class=\"panel-group fusion-toggle-icon-unboxed\" id=\"accordion-474-28\"><div class=\"fusion-panel panel-default panel-ee3edf3b550c08081 fusion-toggle-no-divider fusion-toggle-boxed-mode\"><div class=\"panel-heading\"><h4 class=\"panel-title toggle\" id=\"toggle_ee3edf3b550c08081\"><a aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"ee3edf3b550c08081\" role=\"button\" data-toggle=\"collapse\" data-parent=\"#accordion-474-28\" data-target=\"#ee3edf3b550c08081\" href=\"#ee3edf3b550c08081\"><span class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i class=\"fa-fusion-box active-icon awb-icon-minus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><i class=\"fa-fusion-box inactive-icon awb-icon-plus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fusion-toggle-heading\">Allelopathic Activities of Stam and Petal Extracts of Physalis<br \/>\nPeruviana on Seed Germination and Seedling Growth of<br \/>\nWheat and Rapeseed<\/span><\/a><\/h4><\/div><div id=\"ee3edf3b550c08081\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse \" aria-labelledby=\"toggle_ee3edf3b550c08081\"><div class=\"panel-body toggle-content fusion-clearfix\">\n<p>By: Aya Ahmed Qader<\/p>\n<p>Supervised by: Dr. Saber Wasman Hamad<\/p>\n<p><strong>Abstract<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Allelopathy is the process of one plant releasing chemicals that affect the<br \/>\ngrowth of other plants. This experiment was done to see if the extract that comes<br \/>\nfrom the stem and petal of Physalis Peruviana would stop seeds from<br \/>\ngerminating and prevent seedlings from growing Rapeseed (Brassica napus),<br \/>\nWheat (Triticum aestivum), Mung bean (Vigna radiata) and Barley (Hordeum<br \/>\nvulgare). The study was conducted in sanitized petri dishes for a duration of<br \/>\nseven days at a temperature of 22 degrees Celsius. Completely randomized<br \/>\ndesign (CRD) was used for the experimental setup. In terms of concentrations,<br \/>\nlevels of 0%, 2.5%, 5%, 7.5%, and 10% were selected for this experiment. The<br \/>\nstudy results revealed that the aqueous stem and petal extracts of Physalis<br \/>\nperuviana, specifically at higher concentrations of 7.5% and 10%, had a<br \/>\nsignificant inhibitory effect on seed germination. On the other hand, the lowest<br \/>\nconcentration of 2.5% had the least impact on the germination process. So, it<br \/>\ncan be concluded that the strength of the inhibitory effect varied depending on<br \/>\nthe concentration of the extract. The study looked at various factors like shoot<br \/>\nlength, root length, shoot dry weight, and root dry weight, and found that<br \/>\nconcentrations of 7.5% and 10% had a significant impact. Interestingly, the<br \/>\nresults showed that B. napus and V. radiata, both dicots, were the most sensitive<br \/>\nplants to the application of P. peruviana aqueous stem and petal extracts. These<br \/>\nfindings suggest that Physalis Peruvian, a common plant, could be a potential<br \/>\nalternative herbicide in the future.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"accordian fusion-accordian\" style=\"--awb-border-size:0px;--awb-icon-size:25px;--awb-content-font-size:15px;--awb-icon-alignment:left;--awb-hover-color:#ffffff;--awb-border-color:#e7e4e2;--awb-background-color:#ffffff;--awb-divider-color:#e7e4e2;--awb-divider-hover-color:#e7e4e2;--awb-icon-color:#f09a3e;--awb-title-color:#ef9a3d;--awb-content-color:#7e8890;--awb-icon-box-color:#333333;--awb-toggle-hover-accent-color:#f09a3e;--awb-title-font-family:&quot;Open Sans&quot;;--awb-title-font-weight:700;--awb-title-font-style:normal;--awb-title-font-size:15px;--awb-content-font-family:&quot;Open Sans&quot;;--awb-content-font-style:normal;--awb-content-font-weight:400;\"><div class=\"panel-group fusion-toggle-icon-unboxed\" id=\"accordion-474-29\"><div class=\"fusion-panel panel-default panel-335791a1be0e83948 fusion-toggle-no-divider fusion-toggle-boxed-mode\"><div class=\"panel-heading\"><h4 class=\"panel-title toggle\" id=\"toggle_335791a1be0e83948\"><a aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"335791a1be0e83948\" role=\"button\" data-toggle=\"collapse\" data-parent=\"#accordion-474-29\" data-target=\"#335791a1be0e83948\" href=\"#335791a1be0e83948\"><span class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i class=\"fa-fusion-box active-icon awb-icon-minus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><i class=\"fa-fusion-box inactive-icon awb-icon-plus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fusion-toggle-heading\">Morphological Identification of Some Selected Members of<br \/>\nthe Genus Anthemis<\/span><\/a><\/h4><\/div><div id=\"335791a1be0e83948\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse \" aria-labelledby=\"toggle_335791a1be0e83948\"><div class=\"panel-body toggle-content fusion-clearfix\">\n<p>By: Banan Muhammad Jamil<\/p>\n<p>Supervised by: Assist. Prof. Dr. Abdulrahman Mahmoud Dogara<\/p>\n<p><strong>Abstract<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Medicinal plants are natural resources that yield beneficial herbal products<br \/>\ncommonly employed in the treatment of various illnesses. The therapeutic,<br \/>\npreventive, and curative properties of the medicinal plants being studied have<br \/>\nbeen extensively documented in Ayurveda and have been used since ancient<br \/>\ntimes. The genus Anthemis provides a wide range of morphological variations<br \/>\nand is well-known for its diverse species and ecological importance, includes<br \/>\nthe daisy family. The purpose of this study was to present up-to-date<br \/>\ninformation on the morphology and classification of genus anthemis in<br \/>\nKurdistan, Iraq. For the morphometric analyses, a total of 8 species were<br \/>\nidentified Haussknechtii, Anthemis pseudocotula, Anthemis microlepis<br \/>\nAnthemis handel mazzetti Anthemis altissima. The multivariate analysis<br \/>\nrevealed a strong association, in terms of morphological traits, between the<br \/>\ngenus Anthemis. This relationship was characterised by both similarities and<br \/>\ndiscrimination. The submitted information will provide the standardisation<br \/>\nframework for drug exploration conducted by Anthemis in Kurdistan. The study<br \/>\nsuggests conducting additional research on the anatomical characteristics,<br \/>\nnewly formed sequence, and chemical components of the species.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"accordian fusion-accordian\" style=\"--awb-border-size:0px;--awb-icon-size:25px;--awb-content-font-size:15px;--awb-icon-alignment:left;--awb-hover-color:#ffffff;--awb-border-color:#e7e4e2;--awb-background-color:#ffffff;--awb-divider-color:#e7e4e2;--awb-divider-hover-color:#e7e4e2;--awb-icon-color:#f09a3e;--awb-title-color:#ef9a3d;--awb-content-color:#7e8890;--awb-icon-box-color:#333333;--awb-toggle-hover-accent-color:#f09a3e;--awb-title-font-family:&quot;Open Sans&quot;;--awb-title-font-weight:700;--awb-title-font-style:normal;--awb-title-font-size:15px;--awb-content-font-family:&quot;Open Sans&quot;;--awb-content-font-style:normal;--awb-content-font-weight:400;\"><div class=\"panel-group fusion-toggle-icon-unboxed\" id=\"accordion-474-30\"><div class=\"fusion-panel panel-default panel-0636e13876265f488 fusion-toggle-no-divider fusion-toggle-boxed-mode\"><div class=\"panel-heading\"><h4 class=\"panel-title toggle\" id=\"toggle_0636e13876265f488\"><a aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"0636e13876265f488\" role=\"button\" data-toggle=\"collapse\" data-parent=\"#accordion-474-30\" data-target=\"#0636e13876265f488\" href=\"#0636e13876265f488\"><span class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i class=\"fa-fusion-box active-icon awb-icon-minus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><i class=\"fa-fusion-box inactive-icon awb-icon-plus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fusion-toggle-heading\">Medicinal Plants Used for The Treatment of Chronic<br \/>\nDisease in Halabja Province, Kurdistan Region, Iraq. <\/span><\/a><\/h4><\/div><div id=\"0636e13876265f488\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse \" aria-labelledby=\"toggle_0636e13876265f488\"><div class=\"panel-body toggle-content fusion-clearfix\">\n<p>By: Darun Mustafa Najmadin<\/p>\n<p>Supervised by: Dr. Saber Wasman Hamad<\/p>\n<p><strong>Abstract<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Medicinal plants have been prescribed and used widely for thousands of years<br \/>\nto treat various disorders and ailments in traditional herbal medicine systems<br \/>\nall over the world and over 70% of the global population relies on these<br \/>\nproducts. Unfortunately, in many developing countries traditional medicinal<br \/>\nknowledge have not been adequately studied, exploited or documented, these<br \/>\ntraditional knowledge systems, either lost or transmitted orally from one<br \/>\ngeneration to the next among traditional health practitioners, so medicinal<br \/>\nplants are in danger due to poor relations between older and younger<br \/>\ngenerations. This study aims are to categorize and identify natural plants<br \/>\nremedies used in Halabja City to treat chronic disease and to determine how<br \/>\nmuch they rely on conventional medicine. To learn about the use of medicinal<br \/>\nplants in Halabja, this study has been conducted an ethnobotanical survey from<br \/>\nDecember 2023 \u2013 January 2024. The information was gathered from traditional<br \/>\nhealers through questionnaires and in-person interviews. This allowed us to<br \/>\ncollect the valuable knowledge of local healers and the specific plants they use<br \/>\nfor healing purposes. The study identified 63 medicinal plants used for treating<br \/>\ndiseases like asthma, hypertension, diabetes, etc.. Leaves were found to be the<br \/>\nmost commonly used part of the plant, and oral administration was the preferred<br \/>\nmethod. The findings highlight the rich diversity of medicinal plants in Halabja<br \/>\nand emphasize the continued use of plant-based therapies in the region. This<br \/>\nresearch serves as a valuable resource for the development of herbal<br \/>\nformulations and modern medicines in the area.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"accordian fusion-accordian\" style=\"--awb-border-size:0px;--awb-icon-size:25px;--awb-content-font-size:15px;--awb-icon-alignment:left;--awb-hover-color:#ffffff;--awb-border-color:#e7e4e2;--awb-background-color:#ffffff;--awb-divider-color:#e7e4e2;--awb-divider-hover-color:#e7e4e2;--awb-icon-color:#f09a3e;--awb-title-color:#ef9a3d;--awb-content-color:#7e8890;--awb-icon-box-color:#333333;--awb-toggle-hover-accent-color:#f09a3e;--awb-title-font-family:&quot;Open Sans&quot;;--awb-title-font-weight:700;--awb-title-font-style:normal;--awb-title-font-size:15px;--awb-content-font-family:&quot;Open Sans&quot;;--awb-content-font-style:normal;--awb-content-font-weight:400;\"><div class=\"panel-group fusion-toggle-icon-unboxed\" id=\"accordion-474-31\"><div class=\"fusion-panel panel-default panel-94729c71a9e96bcfe fusion-toggle-no-divider fusion-toggle-boxed-mode\"><div class=\"panel-heading\"><h4 class=\"panel-title toggle\" id=\"toggle_94729c71a9e96bcfe\"><a aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"94729c71a9e96bcfe\" role=\"button\" data-toggle=\"collapse\" data-parent=\"#accordion-474-31\" data-target=\"#94729c71a9e96bcfe\" href=\"#94729c71a9e96bcfe\"><span class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i class=\"fa-fusion-box active-icon awb-icon-minus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><i class=\"fa-fusion-box inactive-icon awb-icon-plus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fusion-toggle-heading\">The Use of Medicinal Plants in Treating PCOS<\/span><\/a><\/h4><\/div><div id=\"94729c71a9e96bcfe\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse \" aria-labelledby=\"toggle_94729c71a9e96bcfe\"><div class=\"panel-body toggle-content fusion-clearfix\">\n<p>By: Dlnya Dyar Bakram<\/p>\n<p>Supervised by: Mrs. Sawsan Hamed<\/p>\n<p><strong>Abstract<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a condition that affects women&#8217;s ovaries<br \/>\nand is characterized by hormonal and metabolic imbalances. This research<br \/>\ninvestigates the use of medicinal plants in treating PCOS. Papers were searched<br \/>\nusing PubMed, Google Scholar, and Scopus databases. The searched keywords<br \/>\nwere PCOS symptoms, epidemiology, etiology, clinical features, risk factors, and<br \/>\ndiagnosis. In addition, the use of plant roots, stems, seeds, leaves, and fruit<br \/>\nextraction in treating PCOS. Our review result showed that the roots reduced the<br \/>\nnumber and size of cysts, restoring hormonal factors, normalizing ovarian<br \/>\nmorphology, reducing the number of follicles, and raising FSH while also lowering<br \/>\ntestosterone, improving menstrual abnormalities and hormonal imbalance,<br \/>\nenhancing ovarian function, and alleviating the symptoms of PCOS. Stem<br \/>\nextractions improve PCOS patients&#8217; histological characteristics, lower testosterone,<br \/>\nimprove ovarian shape, enhance fertility, reduce PCOS symptoms, lower ovarian<br \/>\ncysts, and restore hormonal balance, improve menstrual patterns. Seed extraction<br \/>\nenhances ovarian tissue shape, and regulates hormones, dyslipidemia, and<br \/>\ninflammation linked to PCOS, estrus cyclicity, metabolic symptoms, ovarian<br \/>\nvolume and cysts, decreasing androgen, increased antioxidant, reduced ovarian<br \/>\nweight, raising progesterone levels, lowering testosterone, increasing follicle<br \/>\nnumbers, gene expression associated with PCOS, regulating menstruation, blocking<br \/>\nsteroidogenesis and lipogenesis, alters FSH, estradiol levels, induced ovulation and<br \/>\nlowering levels of luteinizing hormone. Plant leaves regulate testosterone, and<br \/>\nreproductive hormones, recover ovarian folliculogenesis, and metabolic<br \/>\ndysfunction, decrease ovarian weight and cysts, enhance ovarian shape, improve the<br \/>\nquality of oocytes, embryos, and reproductive function, and increase antioxidant<br \/>\nactivity. Plant fruit extracts regulate progesterone, testosterone, and hormonal<br \/>\nbalance, improving ovarian histology, improving metabolic indicators, reducing<br \/>\novarian cysts, increasing ovarian follicle formation, reducing inflammation, insulin<br \/>\nresistance, and adipokine expression, which improves ovarian diseases. This<br \/>\nactivity is owing to the presence of saponins, flavonoids, and phytoestrogen.<br \/>\nFurther research is needed to understand the potential and safety of plant extracts in<br \/>\ntreating PCOS.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"accordian fusion-accordian\" style=\"--awb-border-size:0px;--awb-icon-size:25px;--awb-content-font-size:15px;--awb-icon-alignment:left;--awb-hover-color:#ffffff;--awb-border-color:#e7e4e2;--awb-background-color:#ffffff;--awb-divider-color:#e7e4e2;--awb-divider-hover-color:#e7e4e2;--awb-icon-color:#f09a3e;--awb-title-color:#ef9a3d;--awb-content-color:#7e8890;--awb-icon-box-color:#333333;--awb-toggle-hover-accent-color:#f09a3e;--awb-title-font-family:&quot;Open Sans&quot;;--awb-title-font-weight:700;--awb-title-font-style:normal;--awb-title-font-size:15px;--awb-content-font-family:&quot;Open Sans&quot;;--awb-content-font-style:normal;--awb-content-font-weight:400;\"><div class=\"panel-group fusion-toggle-icon-unboxed\" id=\"accordion-474-32\"><div class=\"fusion-panel panel-default panel-5fb361cf69e348f4e fusion-toggle-no-divider fusion-toggle-boxed-mode\"><div class=\"panel-heading\"><h4 class=\"panel-title toggle\" id=\"toggle_5fb361cf69e348f4e\"><a aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"5fb361cf69e348f4e\" role=\"button\" data-toggle=\"collapse\" data-parent=\"#accordion-474-32\" data-target=\"#5fb361cf69e348f4e\" href=\"#5fb361cf69e348f4e\"><span class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i class=\"fa-fusion-box active-icon awb-icon-minus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><i class=\"fa-fusion-box inactive-icon awb-icon-plus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fusion-toggle-heading\">Prevalence of MBL Genes in Kurdistan Region: Systematic<br \/>\nReview<\/span><\/a><\/h4><\/div><div id=\"5fb361cf69e348f4e\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse \" aria-labelledby=\"toggle_5fb361cf69e348f4e\"><div class=\"panel-body toggle-content fusion-clearfix\">\n<p>By: Elaf Jalal Tahir<\/p>\n<p>Supervised by: Ms. Heshu J. Ahmed<\/p>\n<p><strong>Abstract<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Metallo-beta-lactamase (MBL) genes confer resistance to carbapenem<br \/>\nantibiotics, posing a significant threat to public health due to limited treatment<br \/>\noptions. This systematic review aims to investigate the prevalence of MBL<br \/>\ngenes in the Kurdistan Region. A systematic search was conducted in major<br \/>\ndatabases including PubMed, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, and Hindawi,<br \/>\nusing predefined search terms. Studies reporting the prevalence of MBL genes<br \/>\namong clinical populations in the Kurdistan Region were included. Screening<br \/>\nfor eligibility and filtration of studies were performed according to predefined<br \/>\ncriteria. The initial search yielded a total of (104) studies, of which (14) met the<br \/>\ninclusion criteria. A trend observed in the collected data indicated elevated<br \/>\nresistance rates to the last line of antibiotics, carbapenems, posing a significant<br \/>\nconcern for public health as this resistance could potentially extend to other<br \/>\ntherapeutic alternatives. Additionally, the most frequently detected gene was<br \/>\nbla VIM, further emphasizing the gravity of carbapenem resistance. Variability<br \/>\nin prevalence rates was noted across different regions, likely influenced by<br \/>\nvariations in study populations, sampling methodologies, and geographic<br \/>\nlocations. This systematic review highlights the varying prevalence of MBL<br \/>\ngenes in the Kurdistan Region, indicating a concerning trend of carbapenem<br \/>\nresistance. Further research is warranted to better understand the epidemiology<br \/>\nof MBL genes and to devise effective strategies for surveillance and control in<br \/>\nthis region.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"accordian fusion-accordian\" style=\"--awb-border-size:0px;--awb-icon-size:25px;--awb-content-font-size:15px;--awb-icon-alignment:left;--awb-hover-color:#ffffff;--awb-border-color:#e7e4e2;--awb-background-color:#ffffff;--awb-divider-color:#e7e4e2;--awb-divider-hover-color:#e7e4e2;--awb-icon-color:#f09a3e;--awb-title-color:#ef9a3d;--awb-content-color:#7e8890;--awb-icon-box-color:#333333;--awb-toggle-hover-accent-color:#f09a3e;--awb-title-font-family:&quot;Open Sans&quot;;--awb-title-font-weight:700;--awb-title-font-style:normal;--awb-title-font-size:15px;--awb-content-font-family:&quot;Open Sans&quot;;--awb-content-font-style:normal;--awb-content-font-weight:400;\"><div class=\"panel-group fusion-toggle-icon-unboxed\" id=\"accordion-474-33\"><div class=\"fusion-panel panel-default panel-8251f27d40429fa00 fusion-toggle-no-divider fusion-toggle-boxed-mode\"><div class=\"panel-heading\"><h4 class=\"panel-title toggle\" id=\"toggle_8251f27d40429fa00\"><a aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"8251f27d40429fa00\" role=\"button\" data-toggle=\"collapse\" data-parent=\"#accordion-474-33\" data-target=\"#8251f27d40429fa00\" href=\"#8251f27d40429fa00\"><span class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i class=\"fa-fusion-box active-icon awb-icon-minus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><i class=\"fa-fusion-box inactive-icon awb-icon-plus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fusion-toggle-heading\">Colorectal Cancer Treatment Using Natural Product with<br \/>\nAnti-angiogenic Properties<\/span><\/a><\/h4><\/div><div id=\"8251f27d40429fa00\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse \" aria-labelledby=\"toggle_8251f27d40429fa00\"><div class=\"panel-body toggle-content fusion-clearfix\">\n<p>By: Gashbeen Ayub Hamad<\/p>\n<p>Supervised by: Mrs. Sawsan Hamad<\/p>\n<p><strong>Abstract<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second deadliest cancer worldwide.<br \/>\nAngiogenesis is a vital process that is essential for the development of various<br \/>\ntypes of organs and for cancer development. This research aims to investigate<br \/>\nplant-based natural products with anti-angiogenic properties that target<br \/>\ncolorectal cancer. These natural products have significant properties such as<br \/>\nthose from leaves, stem barks, roots, and seeds with antiangiogenic properties,<br \/>\nin treating colorectal cancer. We searched electronic databases, including<br \/>\nPubMed, Google Scholar, and Scopus. The searched keywords were colon<br \/>\ncancer, epidemiology, clinical features and symptoms of colon cancer, risk<br \/>\nfactors, etiology, diagnosis, therapy, and prevention. In addition, various plant<br \/>\nparts with anti-angiogenic properties that are used to treat colon cancer such as<br \/>\nleaves, fruit, bark, roots, and seeds were also searched. Our study showed that<br \/>\nthese natural products, which have been derived from plant sources, have<br \/>\nsignificant efficiency in inhibiting the growth and progression of colorectal<br \/>\ncancer by in vivo and in vitro studies. The leaves and roots extract inhibited<br \/>\nangiogenesis by inducing apoptosis, inhibiting metastasis, reducing oxidative<br \/>\nstress, increasing antioxidants, mitigating inflammation, and inhibiting<br \/>\ncolorectal cancer cell line HCT 116. Stem bark extracts inhibited the growth of<br \/>\nangiogenesis in tumor cancer by inhibiting the induced nitric oxide (iNOS) on<br \/>\ncolorectal cancer HCT 116, inhibiting COX-2, promoting apoptosis in HT-29<br \/>\ncells, and inducing necrosis. Seed extracts suppress angiogenesis by blocking<br \/>\nvascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), inducing cytotoxicity, apoptosis,<br \/>\nand antioxidation. Recent studies have shown that a natural product could be a<br \/>\npromising alternative treatment option for patients with colorectal cancer. It is<br \/>\nbelieved that this alternative remedy could potentially offer fewer side effects<br \/>\nthan other cancer therapies. However, further research is needed to determine<br \/>\nthe optimal dosing and safety profile of this natural product for human use<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"accordian fusion-accordian\" style=\"--awb-border-size:0px;--awb-icon-size:25px;--awb-content-font-size:15px;--awb-icon-alignment:left;--awb-hover-color:#ffffff;--awb-border-color:#e7e4e2;--awb-background-color:#ffffff;--awb-divider-color:#e7e4e2;--awb-divider-hover-color:#e7e4e2;--awb-icon-color:#f09a3e;--awb-title-color:#ef9a3d;--awb-content-color:#7e8890;--awb-icon-box-color:#333333;--awb-toggle-hover-accent-color:#f09a3e;--awb-title-font-family:&quot;Open Sans&quot;;--awb-title-font-weight:700;--awb-title-font-style:normal;--awb-title-font-size:15px;--awb-content-font-family:&quot;Open Sans&quot;;--awb-content-font-style:normal;--awb-content-font-weight:400;\"><div class=\"panel-group fusion-toggle-icon-unboxed\" id=\"accordion-474-34\"><div class=\"fusion-panel panel-default panel-59462964629fd3a60 fusion-toggle-no-divider fusion-toggle-boxed-mode\"><div class=\"panel-heading\"><h4 class=\"panel-title toggle\" id=\"toggle_59462964629fd3a60\"><a aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"59462964629fd3a60\" role=\"button\" data-toggle=\"collapse\" data-parent=\"#accordion-474-34\" data-target=\"#59462964629fd3a60\" href=\"#59462964629fd3a60\"><span class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i class=\"fa-fusion-box active-icon awb-icon-minus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><i class=\"fa-fusion-box inactive-icon awb-icon-plus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fusion-toggle-heading\">Allelopathic Potential of Phenolic Compounds on<br \/>\nGermination and Growth Parameters of Some Monocot and<br \/>\nDicot Plants  <\/span><\/a><\/h4><\/div><div id=\"59462964629fd3a60\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse \" aria-labelledby=\"toggle_59462964629fd3a60\"><div class=\"panel-body toggle-content fusion-clearfix\">\n<p>By: Hanan Nasuh Mustafa<\/p>\n<p>Supervised by: Dr. Saber Wasman Hamad<\/p>\n<p><strong>Abstract<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Plants produce many chemicals that have allelopathic effects on other plants<br \/>\nseed germination and seedling growth. This process is known as allelopathy.<br \/>\nThe goal of this experiment was to investigate the allelopathic effects of vanillic<br \/>\nacid and coumaric acid on the germination of seeds, shoot length, root length,<br \/>\nshoot dry weight, and root dry weight of mung beans (Vigna radiata), barley<br \/>\n(Hordeum vulgare), rapeseed (Brassica napus), and wheat (Triticum aestivum).<br \/>\nFor seven days, the investigation was conducted at 37C in sanitised petri dishes.<br \/>\nA completely randomised design (CRD) was used for the experimental setup.<br \/>\nFor this experiment, concentrations of (0, 100, 200, 300, and 400 PPM) were<br \/>\nselected. According to the results, vanillic acid extract at high concentrations of<br \/>\n(300PPM, 400PPM) significantly inhibited seed germination, while the lowest<br \/>\ndosage (PPM100) had the least significant impact on the parameter measuring<br \/>\nseed germination. Significant effects were observed at doses of 300PPM and<br \/>\n400PPM on other experimental parameters, including shoot length, root length,<br \/>\nshoot dry weight, and root dry weight. The findings demonstrated that the two<br \/>\ndicots, B. napus and V. radiata, were the most responsive plants under<br \/>\ninvestigation to the administration of vanillic acid. The results of this study<br \/>\nimply that co<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"accordian fusion-accordian\" style=\"--awb-border-size:0px;--awb-icon-size:25px;--awb-content-font-size:15px;--awb-icon-alignment:left;--awb-hover-color:#ffffff;--awb-border-color:#e7e4e2;--awb-background-color:#ffffff;--awb-divider-color:#e7e4e2;--awb-divider-hover-color:#e7e4e2;--awb-icon-color:#f09a3e;--awb-title-color:#ef9a3d;--awb-content-color:#7e8890;--awb-icon-box-color:#333333;--awb-toggle-hover-accent-color:#f09a3e;--awb-title-font-family:&quot;Open Sans&quot;;--awb-title-font-weight:700;--awb-title-font-style:normal;--awb-title-font-size:15px;--awb-content-font-family:&quot;Open Sans&quot;;--awb-content-font-style:normal;--awb-content-font-weight:400;\"><div class=\"panel-group fusion-toggle-icon-unboxed\" id=\"accordion-474-35\"><div class=\"fusion-panel panel-default panel-f4fb98ad72f43f7a4 fusion-toggle-no-divider fusion-toggle-boxed-mode\"><div class=\"panel-heading\"><h4 class=\"panel-title toggle\" id=\"toggle_f4fb98ad72f43f7a4\"><a aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"f4fb98ad72f43f7a4\" role=\"button\" data-toggle=\"collapse\" data-parent=\"#accordion-474-35\" data-target=\"#f4fb98ad72f43f7a4\" href=\"#f4fb98ad72f43f7a4\"><span class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i class=\"fa-fusion-box active-icon awb-icon-minus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><i class=\"fa-fusion-box inactive-icon awb-icon-plus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fusion-toggle-heading\">Morphological Taxonomic Identification of Some members<br \/>\nof Crepis in Kurdistan Region, Iraq <\/span><\/a><\/h4><\/div><div id=\"f4fb98ad72f43f7a4\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse \" aria-labelledby=\"toggle_f4fb98ad72f43f7a4\"><div class=\"panel-body toggle-content fusion-clearfix\">\n<p>By: Helin Amir Karim<\/p>\n<p>Supervised by: Assist. Prof. Dr. Abdulrahman Mahmoud Dogara<\/p>\n<p><strong>Abstract<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The Compositae family, sometimes known as Asteraceae, is a vast and widely<br \/>\ndistributed family. The group consists of 13 tribes, 84 genera, and more than<br \/>\n240 species. Plants have historically been essential in the advancement of<br \/>\nmedicine, mainly because they may produce secondary metabolites that may<br \/>\nhave important biological effects. Plants were employed in diverse manners<br \/>\nthroughout traditional medicine to address a wide range of diseases. Plants have<br \/>\nhistorically been essential in the advancement of medicine, mainly because they<br \/>\nmay produce secondary metabolites that may have important biological effects.<br \/>\nPlants were employed in diverse manners throughout traditional medicine to<br \/>\naddress a wide range of diseases. The aim of the study of this study was to<br \/>\npresent up-to-date information. The morphological data will be analyzed using<br \/>\nPrincipal Component Analysis (PCA) and Hierarchical Cluster Analysis (HCA)<br \/>\nto identify species relationships. Using in-depth morphometric analysis and<br \/>\nmultivariate evaluations, this study explores the morphological traits and<br \/>\ntaxonomic connections of Crepis species in Iraq. Sixteen specimens, covering<br \/>\na range of Crepis species, were gathered from various locations in Iraq and put<br \/>\nthrough morphometric examinations, which included examining leaf<br \/>\ncharacteristics, size, shape, attachment, and organization. Based on<br \/>\nmorphometric data, species relationships were clarified using Principal<br \/>\nComponent Analysis (PCA) and Hierarchical Cluster Analysis (HCA). The<br \/>\nfindings showed that there is a considerable morphological variation among the<br \/>\nCrepis species, with different clusters representing species that share<br \/>\ncomparable characteristics. Furthermore, the findings&#8217; taxonomic ramifications<br \/>\nand conservation significance were examined, highlighting how crucial correct<br \/>\nspecies identification is to conservation initiatives. This work highlights the<br \/>\nnecessity for multidisciplinary research and conservation efforts to maintain<br \/>\nCrepis variety and its habitats and contributes to the taxonomic definition of<br \/>\nCrepis species in Iraq.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"accordian fusion-accordian\" style=\"--awb-border-size:0px;--awb-icon-size:25px;--awb-content-font-size:15px;--awb-icon-alignment:left;--awb-hover-color:#ffffff;--awb-border-color:#e7e4e2;--awb-background-color:#ffffff;--awb-divider-color:#e7e4e2;--awb-divider-hover-color:#e7e4e2;--awb-icon-color:#f09a3e;--awb-title-color:#ef9a3d;--awb-content-color:#7e8890;--awb-icon-box-color:#333333;--awb-toggle-hover-accent-color:#f09a3e;--awb-title-font-family:&quot;Open Sans&quot;;--awb-title-font-weight:700;--awb-title-font-style:normal;--awb-title-font-size:15px;--awb-content-font-family:&quot;Open Sans&quot;;--awb-content-font-style:normal;--awb-content-font-weight:400;\"><div class=\"panel-group fusion-toggle-icon-unboxed\" id=\"accordion-474-36\"><div class=\"fusion-panel panel-default panel-beff009c50392b9c6 fusion-toggle-no-divider fusion-toggle-boxed-mode\"><div class=\"panel-heading\"><h4 class=\"panel-title toggle\" id=\"toggle_beff009c50392b9c6\"><a aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"beff009c50392b9c6\" role=\"button\" data-toggle=\"collapse\" data-parent=\"#accordion-474-36\" data-target=\"#beff009c50392b9c6\" href=\"#beff009c50392b9c6\"><span class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i class=\"fa-fusion-box active-icon awb-icon-minus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><i class=\"fa-fusion-box inactive-icon awb-icon-plus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fusion-toggle-heading\">Bioherbicidal Actions of Physalis Peruviana Calyx and Seed<br \/>\nExtracts on Germination and Growth of Some Plant and<br \/>\nWeed Species <\/span><\/a><\/h4><\/div><div id=\"beff009c50392b9c6\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse \" aria-labelledby=\"toggle_beff009c50392b9c6\"><div class=\"panel-body toggle-content fusion-clearfix\">\n<p>By: Helin Jalal Khudhur<\/p>\n<p>Supervised by: Dr. Saber Wasman Hamad<\/p>\n<p><strong>Abstract<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Many substances that plant produce have allelopathic effects on the germination<br \/>\nof seed and growth of seedlings in other plants. This phenomenon is called<br \/>\nallelopathy. This experiment was conducted to examine allelopathic effects of<br \/>\nphysalis (Physalis peruviana) aqueous seed germination and seedling growth<br \/>\nof rapeseed (Brassica napus), wheat (Triticum aestivum), mung bean (Vigna<br \/>\nradiata) and corn (Zea mays). The study was performed in sanitized petri<br \/>\ndishes. The experimental design was arranged for completely randomized<br \/>\ndesign (CRD). In terms of concentrations, (0%, 2%,4% ,6% and 8%) were<br \/>\nchosen for allelopathic evaluation. Results of this study indicated that both<br \/>\nextracts significantly affected seed germination and growth parameters. Its<br \/>\nworth to mention that physalis calyx and seed aqueous extracts were more<br \/>\neffective at higher concentrations (6 and 8%). Furthermore, physalis aqueous<br \/>\ncalyx extract was more effective than seed extract. In conclusion, using physalis<br \/>\nas an alternate for herbicide in weed management could reduce pollution while<br \/>\nimproving the ecosystem&#8217;s overall state of life in the future.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"accordian fusion-accordian\" style=\"--awb-border-size:0px;--awb-icon-size:25px;--awb-content-font-size:15px;--awb-icon-alignment:left;--awb-hover-color:#ffffff;--awb-border-color:#e7e4e2;--awb-background-color:#ffffff;--awb-divider-color:#e7e4e2;--awb-divider-hover-color:#e7e4e2;--awb-icon-color:#f09a3e;--awb-title-color:#ef9a3d;--awb-content-color:#7e8890;--awb-icon-box-color:#333333;--awb-toggle-hover-accent-color:#f09a3e;--awb-title-font-family:&quot;Open Sans&quot;;--awb-title-font-weight:700;--awb-title-font-style:normal;--awb-title-font-size:15px;--awb-content-font-family:&quot;Open Sans&quot;;--awb-content-font-style:normal;--awb-content-font-weight:400;\"><div class=\"panel-group fusion-toggle-icon-unboxed\" id=\"accordion-474-37\"><div class=\"fusion-panel panel-default panel-4ece1e3e28057d526 fusion-toggle-no-divider fusion-toggle-boxed-mode\"><div class=\"panel-heading\"><h4 class=\"panel-title toggle\" id=\"toggle_4ece1e3e28057d526\"><a aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"4ece1e3e28057d526\" role=\"button\" data-toggle=\"collapse\" data-parent=\"#accordion-474-37\" data-target=\"#4ece1e3e28057d526\" href=\"#4ece1e3e28057d526\"><span class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i class=\"fa-fusion-box active-icon awb-icon-minus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><i class=\"fa-fusion-box inactive-icon awb-icon-plus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fusion-toggle-heading\">Prevalence of Alpha Thalassemia Genotype in Northern Iraq <\/span><\/a><\/h4><\/div><div id=\"4ece1e3e28057d526\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse \" aria-labelledby=\"toggle_4ece1e3e28057d526\"><div class=\"panel-body toggle-content fusion-clearfix\">\n<p>By: Kani Ibrahim Hamasaid<\/p>\n<p>Supervised by: Mr. Harmand A. Hama<\/p>\n<p><strong>Abstract<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Alpha-thalassemia is one of the world\u2019s most common hemoglobin disorders,<br \/>\nwhich associated with deletion or point mutations in \u03b1-globin genes clusters.<br \/>\nCurrently there are more than 200 different types of deletional and non<br \/>\ndeletional mutations that occur in HBA gene that resulted in variable genotypes<br \/>\nof alpha thalassemia. Consequently, the current study aims to elucidate the most<br \/>\ncommon genotypes of alpha thalassemia among Kurdish population in Erbil,<br \/>\nKurdistan region of Iraq. The retrieved data of 45 patient whom visited Zheen<br \/>\nInternational Hospital in Erbil between 2021-2023 is included in the study. The<br \/>\nfrequency analysis for the collected data using Graph pad prism was performed,<br \/>\nwhich followed by Bioinformatic analysis utilizing ClinVar to find the<br \/>\nmolecular consequences, and protein changes of detected genotypes. 25 males<br \/>\nand 20 females with an age range between 0 to 55 years of age were included<br \/>\nin the study. Among 45 patients 10 different genotypes in HBA gene have been<br \/>\ndetected. The frequency of detection was [-\u0251 \/ \u0251\u02513.7] (, [&#8211; \/ \u0251\u0251MED]\n(44.4%,13.3%), [-\u0251 \/ \u0251\u02513.7]\/[&#8211; \/ \u0251\u0251MED] (8.8%), [-\u0251<br \/>\n3.7 \/ -\u0251<br \/>\n3.7] (8.8%), [-\u0251 \/ &#8211;<br \/>\n\u0251<br \/>\n20.5] (6.6%), \u0251\u0251\u0251 anti-3.7 (4.4%), [-\u0251 \/ -\u0251<br \/>\n3.7] (4.4%), \u02512 polyA-2 (4.4%), [-<br \/>\n\u0251 \/ -\u0251FIL], and [&#8211; \/ &#8212;<br \/>\n20.5] (2.2%) respectively. Moreover. The molecular<br \/>\nconsequences analysis of detected genotypes showed that 4 were (missense), 2<br \/>\nwere (3 prime UTR), and 1 was (deletion). In conclusion, detection of common<br \/>\ngenotypes in HBA gene among Kurdish patients in Erbil facilitate us to provide<br \/>\nmore information about alpha-thalassemia in Kurdistan region. However,<br \/>\nstudies with higher number of patients enrollment are recommended to give<br \/>\nclearer picture in that regard.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"accordian fusion-accordian\" style=\"--awb-border-size:0px;--awb-icon-size:25px;--awb-content-font-size:15px;--awb-icon-alignment:left;--awb-hover-color:#ffffff;--awb-border-color:#e7e4e2;--awb-background-color:#ffffff;--awb-divider-color:#e7e4e2;--awb-divider-hover-color:#e7e4e2;--awb-icon-color:#f09a3e;--awb-title-color:#ef9a3d;--awb-content-color:#7e8890;--awb-icon-box-color:#333333;--awb-toggle-hover-accent-color:#f09a3e;--awb-title-font-family:&quot;Open Sans&quot;;--awb-title-font-weight:700;--awb-title-font-style:normal;--awb-title-font-size:15px;--awb-content-font-family:&quot;Open Sans&quot;;--awb-content-font-style:normal;--awb-content-font-weight:400;\"><div class=\"panel-group fusion-toggle-icon-unboxed\" id=\"accordion-474-38\"><div class=\"fusion-panel panel-default panel-1662bc9cc45121b0e fusion-toggle-no-divider fusion-toggle-boxed-mode\"><div class=\"panel-heading\"><h4 class=\"panel-title toggle\" id=\"toggle_1662bc9cc45121b0e\"><a aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"1662bc9cc45121b0e\" role=\"button\" data-toggle=\"collapse\" data-parent=\"#accordion-474-38\" data-target=\"#1662bc9cc45121b0e\" href=\"#1662bc9cc45121b0e\"><span class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i class=\"fa-fusion-box active-icon awb-icon-minus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><i class=\"fa-fusion-box inactive-icon awb-icon-plus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fusion-toggle-heading\">A study of Bipolar Disorder on Students at Tishk<br \/>\nInternational University Faculty of Education<\/span><\/a><\/h4><\/div><div id=\"1662bc9cc45121b0e\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse \" aria-labelledby=\"toggle_1662bc9cc45121b0e\"><div class=\"panel-body toggle-content fusion-clearfix\">\n<p>By: Lana Dara Muhammed<\/p>\n<p>Supervised by: Dr. Habip Bedir<\/p>\n<p><strong>Abstract<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Bipolar disorder is a serious type of mental illness that can have a huge impact<br \/>\non personal daily life. There are various types of bipolar disorder. In order to<br \/>\ndeal with bipolar-based problems, the current situation must first be identified,<br \/>\nand a plan developed to deal with the problem. However, there is a lack of<br \/>\nstudies on bipolar disorder in the Kurdistan Region-Iraq. Therefore, there is a<br \/>\nneed to present and analyze the relevant issues and raise awareness, especially<br \/>\namong students, about the importance of bipolar disorders. The aim of this<br \/>\nstudy was to assess the thoughts and opinions of 4th and 3rd year students<br \/>\nstudying at the International Tishk University in Kurdistan region about bipolar<br \/>\ndisorder. For this purpose, a questionnaire called &#8220;Mood Disorder<br \/>\nQuestionnaire (MDQ) was administered to the participants. When the results of<br \/>\nthe questionnaire were analyzed with the SPSS program, it was seen that there<br \/>\nwere significant differences in some questions according to gender and<br \/>\ndepartment.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"accordian fusion-accordian\" style=\"--awb-border-size:0px;--awb-icon-size:25px;--awb-content-font-size:15px;--awb-icon-alignment:left;--awb-hover-color:#ffffff;--awb-border-color:#e7e4e2;--awb-background-color:#ffffff;--awb-divider-color:#e7e4e2;--awb-divider-hover-color:#e7e4e2;--awb-icon-color:#f09a3e;--awb-title-color:#ef9a3d;--awb-content-color:#7e8890;--awb-icon-box-color:#333333;--awb-toggle-hover-accent-color:#f09a3e;--awb-title-font-family:&quot;Open Sans&quot;;--awb-title-font-weight:700;--awb-title-font-style:normal;--awb-title-font-size:15px;--awb-content-font-family:&quot;Open Sans&quot;;--awb-content-font-style:normal;--awb-content-font-weight:400;\"><div class=\"panel-group fusion-toggle-icon-unboxed\" id=\"accordion-474-39\"><div class=\"fusion-panel panel-default panel-60cde2105f912f73e fusion-toggle-no-divider fusion-toggle-boxed-mode\"><div class=\"panel-heading\"><h4 class=\"panel-title toggle\" id=\"toggle_60cde2105f912f73e\"><a aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"60cde2105f912f73e\" role=\"button\" data-toggle=\"collapse\" data-parent=\"#accordion-474-39\" data-target=\"#60cde2105f912f73e\" href=\"#60cde2105f912f73e\"><span class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i class=\"fa-fusion-box active-icon awb-icon-minus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><i class=\"fa-fusion-box inactive-icon awb-icon-plus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fusion-toggle-heading\">The Use of Medicinal Plants in Treating Ovarian Cancer<\/span><\/a><\/h4><\/div><div id=\"60cde2105f912f73e\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse \" aria-labelledby=\"toggle_60cde2105f912f73e\"><div class=\"panel-body toggle-content fusion-clearfix\">\n<p>By: Lanya Kosrat Ismael<\/p>\n<p>Supervised by: Mrs. Sawsan Hamed<\/p>\n<p><strong>Abstract<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Ovarian Cancer (OC) is the highly prevalent cause of death among all<br \/>\ngynecological malignancies. It is the seventh most common cancer diagnosed<br \/>\nin females. Plant parts are an alternative source of medicines that can be used<br \/>\nto treat a range of cancers, including ovarian cancer. This study aims to explore<br \/>\nthe use of medicinal plants in treating ovarian cancer. The searched databases<br \/>\ninclude PubMed, Google Scholar, and Scopus. The search keywords were<br \/>\novarian cancer, epidemiology, etiology, risk factor, diagnosis, treatment, and<br \/>\nplant parts extraction such as roots, stem barks, seeds, and plant leaves in<br \/>\ntreating ovarian cancer. The results showed that plant components have potent<br \/>\nproperties in treating ovarian cancer, via different mechanisms including<br \/>\nantiproliferative, anti-neoplastic, angiogenesis antioxidant, anti-\u03b1-glucosidase,<br \/>\nand anti-inflammatory pathways. The plant&#8217;s roots have been reported as<br \/>\nantiangiogenic, cytotoxic, antiproliferative, and capable of breaking DNA<br \/>\ndamage of ovarian cancer cells. The stem part has efficient anticancer,<br \/>\nantiproliferative, and cytotoxic properties against ovarian cancer. The seeds<br \/>\nexhibited cytotoxicity effects, and anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anticancer<br \/>\nproperties against ovarian cancer, and reduced the growth of ovarian cancer<br \/>\ncells by inducing apoptosis through a p53-dependent intrinsic mechanism,<br \/>\nwhile the leaves\u2019 part showed an antiproliferative impact on ovarian cancer cells<br \/>\nand efficacy against ovarian cancer cells by inducing death through both<br \/>\nintrinsic and extrinsic routes. Each part demonstrates potential activity on<br \/>\novarian cancer, slowing the proliferation of malignant cells and encouraging<br \/>\napoptosis. The research reported the presence of flavonoids, phenolic<br \/>\ncompounds, phytochemicals, alkaloids, and antioxidants. However, the efficacy<br \/>\nof these plant parts and their substances varies based on the dosage,<br \/>\nbioavailability, and synergistic effect with other substances. Thus, investigating<br \/>\nthe potential of plant-derived compounds in treating ovarian cancer is a crucial<br \/>\navenue of research. The translation of these findings into clinical practice is<br \/>\nimperative for the advancement of therapies aimed at addressing ovarian<br \/>\ncancer.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"accordian fusion-accordian\" style=\"--awb-border-size:0px;--awb-icon-size:25px;--awb-content-font-size:15px;--awb-icon-alignment:left;--awb-hover-color:#ffffff;--awb-border-color:#e7e4e2;--awb-background-color:#ffffff;--awb-divider-color:#e7e4e2;--awb-divider-hover-color:#e7e4e2;--awb-icon-color:#f09a3e;--awb-title-color:#ef9a3d;--awb-content-color:#7e8890;--awb-icon-box-color:#333333;--awb-toggle-hover-accent-color:#f09a3e;--awb-title-font-family:&quot;Open Sans&quot;;--awb-title-font-weight:700;--awb-title-font-style:normal;--awb-title-font-size:15px;--awb-content-font-family:&quot;Open Sans&quot;;--awb-content-font-style:normal;--awb-content-font-weight:400;\"><div class=\"panel-group fusion-toggle-icon-unboxed\" id=\"accordion-474-40\"><div class=\"fusion-panel panel-default panel-c060a681b8824835b fusion-toggle-no-divider fusion-toggle-boxed-mode\"><div class=\"panel-heading\"><h4 class=\"panel-title toggle\" id=\"toggle_c060a681b8824835b\"><a aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"c060a681b8824835b\" role=\"button\" data-toggle=\"collapse\" data-parent=\"#accordion-474-40\" data-target=\"#c060a681b8824835b\" href=\"#c060a681b8824835b\"><span class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i class=\"fa-fusion-box active-icon awb-icon-minus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><i class=\"fa-fusion-box inactive-icon awb-icon-plus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fusion-toggle-heading\">Edible and Poisonous Mushrooms of Kurdistan- Region<\/span><\/a><\/h4><\/div><div id=\"c060a681b8824835b\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse \" aria-labelledby=\"toggle_c060a681b8824835b\"><div class=\"panel-body toggle-content fusion-clearfix\">\n<p>By: Muhammad Ghazi Sleman<\/p>\n<p>Supervised by: Assist. Prof. Dr. Abdulrahman Mahmoud Dogara<\/p>\n<p><strong>Abstract<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>For countless generations, indigenous wisdom has existed throughout the earth.<br \/>\nIt is derived from the accumulated knowledge and wisdom of local individuals,<br \/>\nhoned over generations, and passed down from one generation to the next. Rural<br \/>\ninhabitants, especially in underdeveloped regions, meet their daily needs<br \/>\nthrough self-acquired knowledge, existing beliefs, and customary customs.<br \/>\nDespite mushrooms having existed for thousands of years and being empirically<br \/>\ndocumented, the ethnological knowledge surrounding them is a relatively new<br \/>\ndevelopment. The study aims to compile the wild edible and poisonous<br \/>\nmushroom of the Kurdistan region of Iraq. The research employed purposive<br \/>\nsampling, utilizing an open-ended interview guide, thought the period from<br \/>\nDecember 2023 to May 2024. The study found twelve edible wild mushroom<br \/>\nand fourteen wilds poisonous in the Kurdistan region of Iraq. Their significance<br \/>\nin contemporary pharmaceutics and nutraceuticals stems from extensive human<br \/>\nexperiments conducted over time. Anthropogenic, ethno-graphic, and<br \/>\nethnoecological\/environmental factors have been linked to the underutilization<br \/>\nand lack of exploration of mushrooms. It is imperative to conduct research and<br \/>\nrecord indigenous knowledge systems to discover novel methods of harnessing<br \/>\nwild edible mushrooms for the betterment of humanity. Otherwise, these<br \/>\nmushrooms will continue to remain concealed in the forest and may face the<br \/>\nrisk of extinction.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"accordian fusion-accordian\" style=\"--awb-border-size:0px;--awb-icon-size:25px;--awb-content-font-size:15px;--awb-icon-alignment:left;--awb-hover-color:#ffffff;--awb-border-color:#e7e4e2;--awb-background-color:#ffffff;--awb-divider-color:#e7e4e2;--awb-divider-hover-color:#e7e4e2;--awb-icon-color:#f09a3e;--awb-title-color:#ef9a3d;--awb-content-color:#7e8890;--awb-icon-box-color:#333333;--awb-toggle-hover-accent-color:#f09a3e;--awb-title-font-family:&quot;Open Sans&quot;;--awb-title-font-weight:700;--awb-title-font-style:normal;--awb-title-font-size:15px;--awb-content-font-family:&quot;Open Sans&quot;;--awb-content-font-style:normal;--awb-content-font-weight:400;\"><div class=\"panel-group fusion-toggle-icon-unboxed\" id=\"accordion-474-41\"><div class=\"fusion-panel panel-default panel-119616daa34718424 fusion-toggle-no-divider fusion-toggle-boxed-mode\"><div class=\"panel-heading\"><h4 class=\"panel-title toggle\" id=\"toggle_119616daa34718424\"><a aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"119616daa34718424\" role=\"button\" data-toggle=\"collapse\" data-parent=\"#accordion-474-41\" data-target=\"#119616daa34718424\" href=\"#119616daa34718424\"><span class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i class=\"fa-fusion-box active-icon awb-icon-minus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><i class=\"fa-fusion-box inactive-icon awb-icon-plus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fusion-toggle-heading\">The Invisible Links: Gasotransmitters and the Neurobiology<br \/>\nof Autism  <\/span><\/a><\/h4><\/div><div id=\"119616daa34718424\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse \" aria-labelledby=\"toggle_119616daa34718424\"><div class=\"panel-body toggle-content fusion-clearfix\">\n<p>By: Nyaz Abubakir Murad<\/p>\n<p>Supervised by: Mrs. Zhikal Omar Khudhur<\/p>\n<p><strong>Abstract<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Gasotransmitters including nitric oxide (NO), carbon monoxide (CO), and<br \/>\nhydrogen sulfide (H2S) play an important role in normal physiological<br \/>\nprocesses in the body such as neurotransmission, synaptic plasticity, and<br \/>\nneuroinflammation. Dysregulation of signaling pathways of gasotransmitters<br \/>\ncontributes to the pathophysiology of autism spectrum disorder (ASD), which<br \/>\nis a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by deficits in social<br \/>\ncommunication and the presence of restricted interests and repetitive behaviors.<br \/>\nCurrently, studies claim the contribution of Gasotransmitters with ASD and its<br \/>\nlevels of severity and symptoms. This systematic review aims to identify the<br \/>\npotential role of gasotransmitters in ASD pathophysiology and their correlation<br \/>\nwith ASD severity. To understand and draw the overall impact and role of<br \/>\nGastrotransmitters in ASD, papers that has been published in both Google<br \/>\nScholar and Pubmed between 2000 \u2013 2024 have been screened which were 81<br \/>\npublished papers. After our screening and fulfilling the inclusion and exclusion<br \/>\ncriteria, 29 have been decided to be included in this study. Results indicate a<br \/>\ncorrelation between gasotransmitters and ASD, which contributed to the<br \/>\nseverity of ASD and its symptoms. A critical analysis of the data also<br \/>\ndemonstrated the impact and role of gasotransmitters; mostly increase in<br \/>\ngasotransmitters causes additional complications for individuals with ASD and<br \/>\ncan be mentioned as a risk factor or biomarker for ASD, except hydrogen<br \/>\nsulfide. On the other hand, the downregulation of these enzymes that are<br \/>\nresponsible for gasotransmitter productions especially NO, and CO can be used<br \/>\nas a potential therapeutic target for autism. In conclusion, this systematic review<br \/>\noffers strong evidence of the significant correlation between gasotransmitters<br \/>\nand autism spectrum disorder<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"accordian fusion-accordian fusion-no-small-visibility fusion-no-medium-visibility fusion-no-large-visibility\" style=\"--awb-border-size:0px;--awb-icon-size:25px;--awb-content-font-size:15px;--awb-icon-alignment:left;--awb-hover-color:#ffffff;--awb-border-color:#e7e4e2;--awb-background-color:#ffffff;--awb-divider-color:#e7e4e2;--awb-divider-hover-color:#e7e4e2;--awb-icon-color:#f09a3e;--awb-title-color:#ef9a3d;--awb-content-color:#7e8890;--awb-icon-box-color:#333333;--awb-toggle-hover-accent-color:#f09a3e;--awb-title-font-family:&quot;Open Sans&quot;;--awb-title-font-weight:700;--awb-title-font-style:normal;--awb-title-font-size:15px;--awb-content-font-family:&quot;Open Sans&quot;;--awb-content-font-style:normal;--awb-content-font-weight:400;\"><div class=\"panel-group fusion-toggle-icon-unboxed\" id=\"accordion-474-42\">\n<p>By: Omer Mohammed Abdullah<\/p>\n<p>Supervised by: Assist. Prof. Dr. Abdulrahman Mahmoud Dogara<\/p>\n<p><strong>Abstract<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Plants have been used for many ages as a traditional medicine to cure many<br \/>\nailments and disorders. Approximately 80 percent of the population depends on<br \/>\ntraditional plants as their main source of healthcare. Throughout human history,<br \/>\nindividuals have depended on therapeutic plants to reduce ailments and bolster<br \/>\ntheir immune systems. The objective of the study was to record the medicinal<br \/>\nplants that are traditionally utilised by the Kurdish population in the Kurdistan<br \/>\nRegion of Iraq. The study employed the expert sampling method. The study<br \/>\nconducted interviews with a total of 20 respondents, with 90% being men and<br \/>\n10% being women. Out of the interview respondents, a mere 35% did not have<br \/>\na western education. A total of forty-one medicinal plants were recorded from<br \/>\ntwenty-two families, with Compositae having the highest abundance of six<br \/>\nspecies, followed by Fabaceae and Lamiaceae with five species each. The leaf<br \/>\nis the most commonly used portion, accounting for 36.1% of utilisation,<br \/>\nfollowed by the root at 18.0% and the whole plant at 13.1%. It is recommended<br \/>\nto boil or soak all plants in water and consume the resulting liquid until<br \/>\ncomplete recovery is achieved. Although it has been declared safe for<br \/>\nconsumption, this presents a significant issue as its safety for consumption has<br \/>\nnot been scientifically proven. The respondents in the survey found no<br \/>\nindication of toxicity for any of the plants listed<\/p>\n[\/fusion_toggle]<\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"accordian fusion-accordian\" style=\"--awb-border-size:0px;--awb-icon-size:25px;--awb-content-font-size:15px;--awb-icon-alignment:left;--awb-hover-color:#ffffff;--awb-border-color:#e7e4e2;--awb-background-color:#ffffff;--awb-divider-color:#e7e4e2;--awb-divider-hover-color:#e7e4e2;--awb-icon-color:#f09a3e;--awb-title-color:#ef9a3d;--awb-content-color:#7e8890;--awb-icon-box-color:#333333;--awb-toggle-hover-accent-color:#f09a3e;--awb-title-font-family:&quot;Open Sans&quot;;--awb-title-font-weight:700;--awb-title-font-style:normal;--awb-title-font-size:15px;--awb-content-font-family:&quot;Open Sans&quot;;--awb-content-font-style:normal;--awb-content-font-weight:400;\"><div class=\"panel-group fusion-toggle-icon-unboxed\" id=\"accordion-474-43\"><div class=\"fusion-panel panel-default panel-27ca89460f359e8a3 fusion-toggle-no-divider fusion-toggle-boxed-mode\"><div class=\"panel-heading\"><h4 class=\"panel-title toggle\" id=\"toggle_27ca89460f359e8a3\"><a aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"27ca89460f359e8a3\" role=\"button\" data-toggle=\"collapse\" data-parent=\"#accordion-474-43\" data-target=\"#27ca89460f359e8a3\" href=\"#27ca89460f359e8a3\"><span class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i class=\"fa-fusion-box active-icon awb-icon-minus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><i class=\"fa-fusion-box inactive-icon awb-icon-plus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fusion-toggle-heading\">Obesity risks in autism: Family history, mealtime, sleep<br \/>\ndisturbance and physical activity<\/span><\/a><\/h4><\/div><div id=\"27ca89460f359e8a3\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse \" aria-labelledby=\"toggle_27ca89460f359e8a3\"><div class=\"panel-body toggle-content fusion-clearfix\">\n<p>By: Raman Azeez Mohammed<\/p>\n<p>Supervised by: Mrs. Zhikal Omar Khudhur<\/p>\n<p><strong>Abstract<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Obesity has become a worldwide health issue for both adults and children as<br \/>\nwell. The prevalence of obesity among autism spectrum disorder (ASD)<br \/>\nincreased, ASD is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by deficits in<br \/>\nsocial communication and the presence of restricted interests and repetitive<br \/>\nbehaviors. So, our study aims to address and assess key common risk factors<br \/>\nlike family history, sleep disruption, feeding issues, and physical activity levels.<br \/>\nOur study is a cross-sectional study performed at the Autism Emirate Center<br \/>\nand Bahoz Center for Autism in Erbil on 74 (52 male and 22 female) ASD<br \/>\nchildren aged 4-12 years who were diagnosed with ASD based on DSM IV<br \/>\ncriteria. Anthropometric and demographic data were collected, accompanied<br \/>\nby the completion of three questionnaires: the Brief Autism Mealtime Behavior<br \/>\nQuestionnaire, the Children Sleep Habits Questionnaire, and the Physical<br \/>\nActivity Questionnaire. According to our study result the prevalence of<br \/>\nunderweight was 8.10%, Normal body mass index (BM) was 29.80%,<br \/>\noverweight was 54%, and obese was 8.10% in ASD kids. There were no<br \/>\nsignificant differences between normal\/underweight ASD children\u2019s age in<br \/>\ncomparison to the overweight\/obese group. However, the maternal BMI is<br \/>\nsignificantly higher in the overweight\/obese group which is (26.85\u00b1 3.381)<br \/>\nwhile in normal\/underweight is (23.47\u00b1 1.464). Also, there was a highly<br \/>\nsignificant difference in physical activity frequency\/week and intensity between<br \/>\nthese two groups the mean is (3.462\u00b1 0.4073) and (1.382 \u00b1 0.4073) for both<br \/>\nnormal\/underweight and overweight\/obese, respectively. In addition, dietary<br \/>\nrestrictions and sleep disturbance correlate with obesity in ASD. In conclusion,<br \/>\nthe rate of overweight and obesity is elevated among ASD children in Erbil,<br \/>\nKurdistan. Factors that contribute to this are maternal BMI, low physical<br \/>\nactivity, sleep habits, and mealtime behavior.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"accordian fusion-accordian\" style=\"--awb-border-size:0px;--awb-icon-size:25px;--awb-content-font-size:15px;--awb-icon-alignment:left;--awb-hover-color:#ffffff;--awb-border-color:#e7e4e2;--awb-background-color:#ffffff;--awb-divider-color:#e7e4e2;--awb-divider-hover-color:#e7e4e2;--awb-icon-color:#f09a3e;--awb-title-color:#ef9a3d;--awb-content-color:#7e8890;--awb-icon-box-color:#333333;--awb-toggle-hover-accent-color:#f09a3e;--awb-title-font-family:&quot;Open Sans&quot;;--awb-title-font-weight:700;--awb-title-font-style:normal;--awb-title-font-size:15px;--awb-content-font-family:&quot;Open Sans&quot;;--awb-content-font-style:normal;--awb-content-font-weight:400;\"><div class=\"panel-group fusion-toggle-icon-unboxed\" id=\"accordion-474-44\"><div class=\"fusion-panel panel-default panel-21cff2656f4c4b131 fusion-toggle-no-divider fusion-toggle-boxed-mode\"><div class=\"panel-heading\"><h4 class=\"panel-title toggle\" id=\"toggle_21cff2656f4c4b131\"><a aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"21cff2656f4c4b131\" role=\"button\" data-toggle=\"collapse\" data-parent=\"#accordion-474-44\" data-target=\"#21cff2656f4c4b131\" href=\"#21cff2656f4c4b131\"><span class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i class=\"fa-fusion-box active-icon awb-icon-minus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><i class=\"fa-fusion-box inactive-icon awb-icon-plus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fusion-toggle-heading\">Prevalence of Human Papilloma Virus Genotype among<br \/>\nWomen at Northern Iraq<\/span><\/a><\/h4><\/div><div id=\"21cff2656f4c4b131\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse \" aria-labelledby=\"toggle_21cff2656f4c4b131\"><div class=\"panel-body toggle-content fusion-clearfix\">\n<p>By: Rawand Rauf HamaSaeed<\/p>\n<p>Supervised by: Mr. .Harmand A. Hama<\/p>\n<p><strong>Abstract<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Human papilloma virus (HPV) associated cervical cancer and sexually<br \/>\ntransmitted diseases are one of the biggest public health threats. HPV has<br \/>\nnumerous variations that are classified into High-risk and Low-risk based on<br \/>\ntheir potential to make cancer. The aim of this study is to find the prevalence<br \/>\ncommon HPV genotype among infected women in Northern Iraq. The study<br \/>\nwas conducted by retrieving data of 76 female patients who visited and<br \/>\nperformed the HPV genome analysis at Zhin International Hospital in Erbil<br \/>\nbetween 2021-2023. The patients were grouped based on their age, and the<br \/>\nfrequency analysis using GraphPad prism performed. The results indicate the<br \/>\noverall of 16 High-risk and 12 Low-risk HPV genotypes among the enrolled<br \/>\npatients. Moreover, the most common High-risk genotypes were HPV66<br \/>\n(18.4%), HPV31 (15.7%) HPV68 (14.4%), HPV16 13.1%), and HPV52<br \/>\n(11.8%). Moreover, the prevalent Low-risk genotypes were HPV11, HPV42,<br \/>\nHPV6 and HPV54 (13.1%,11.8%, 9.2%, and 9.2%) respectively. Besides, in<br \/>\nboth High-risk and Low-risk genotypes the age group of 31-40 were most<br \/>\nprominent group showing HPV infection. In conclusion, detection of numerous<br \/>\nHigh-risk HPV genotype that have critical health impact on the female patients<br \/>\nsuggest the seriousness of the situation and emphasizes the need for heightened<br \/>\nprecautions. Moreover, research with more sample size is recommended for<br \/>\nenhanced accuracy and a clearer depiction of the situation at hand.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"accordian fusion-accordian\" style=\"--awb-border-size:0px;--awb-icon-size:25px;--awb-content-font-size:15px;--awb-icon-alignment:left;--awb-hover-color:#ffffff;--awb-border-color:#e7e4e2;--awb-background-color:#ffffff;--awb-divider-color:#e7e4e2;--awb-divider-hover-color:#e7e4e2;--awb-icon-color:#f09a3e;--awb-title-color:#ef9a3d;--awb-content-color:#7e8890;--awb-icon-box-color:#333333;--awb-toggle-hover-accent-color:#f09a3e;--awb-title-font-family:&quot;Open Sans&quot;;--awb-title-font-weight:700;--awb-title-font-style:normal;--awb-title-font-size:15px;--awb-content-font-family:&quot;Open Sans&quot;;--awb-content-font-style:normal;--awb-content-font-weight:400;\"><div class=\"panel-group fusion-toggle-icon-unboxed\" id=\"accordion-474-45\"><div class=\"fusion-panel panel-default panel-9c58630a6bd001168 fusion-toggle-no-divider fusion-toggle-boxed-mode\"><div class=\"panel-heading\"><h4 class=\"panel-title toggle\" id=\"toggle_9c58630a6bd001168\"><a aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"9c58630a6bd001168\" role=\"button\" data-toggle=\"collapse\" data-parent=\"#accordion-474-45\" data-target=\"#9c58630a6bd001168\" href=\"#9c58630a6bd001168\"><span class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i class=\"fa-fusion-box active-icon awb-icon-minus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><i class=\"fa-fusion-box inactive-icon awb-icon-plus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fusion-toggle-heading\">Biochemical properties of root and leaf extracts of Peruvian<br \/>\ngroundcherry on seed germination and growth of Wheat and<br \/>\nRapeseed<\/span><\/a><\/h4><\/div><div id=\"9c58630a6bd001168\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse \" aria-labelledby=\"toggle_9c58630a6bd001168\"><div class=\"panel-body toggle-content fusion-clearfix\">\n<p>By: Rawsht Abdulrahman Abdulsamad<\/p>\n<p>Supervised by: Assist. Prof. Dr. Saber Wasman Hamad<\/p>\n<p><strong>Abstract<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Plants produce a variety of chemicals that have allelopathic effects on other<br \/>\nplants seed germination and seedling growth. This process is known as<br \/>\nallelopathy. This experiment was conducted to examine allelopathic effects of<br \/>\nphysalis (Physalis peruviana) aqueous leaf and root extracts on seed<br \/>\ngermination and seedling growth of rapeseed (Brassica napus), wheat (Triticum<br \/>\naestivum), mung bean (Vigna radiata) and corn (Zea mays). Sanitized petri<br \/>\ndishes were used for this evaluation. The experimental design was arranged for<br \/>\ncompletely randomized design (CRD). In terms of concentrations, (0%, 2.5,<br \/>\n5%, 7.5% and 10%) were chosen for allelopathic evaluation. Results of this<br \/>\nstudy indicated that both leaf and root extracts significantly affected seed<br \/>\ngermination and growth parameters. Its worth mentioning that physalis leaf and<br \/>\nroot aqueous extracts were more effective at higher concentrations (7.5 and<br \/>\n10%). Furthermore, physalis aqueous leaf extract was more effective than seed<br \/>\nextract. In conclusion, using physalis as an alternate for herbicide in weed<br \/>\nmanagement could reduce pollution while improving the ecosystems overall<br \/>\nstate of life in the future.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"accordian fusion-accordian\" style=\"--awb-border-size:0px;--awb-icon-size:25px;--awb-content-font-size:15px;--awb-icon-alignment:left;--awb-hover-color:#ffffff;--awb-border-color:#e7e4e2;--awb-background-color:#ffffff;--awb-divider-color:#e7e4e2;--awb-divider-hover-color:#e7e4e2;--awb-icon-color:#f09a3e;--awb-title-color:#ef9a3d;--awb-content-color:#7e8890;--awb-icon-box-color:#333333;--awb-toggle-hover-accent-color:#f09a3e;--awb-title-font-family:&quot;Open Sans&quot;;--awb-title-font-weight:700;--awb-title-font-style:normal;--awb-title-font-size:15px;--awb-content-font-family:&quot;Open Sans&quot;;--awb-content-font-style:normal;--awb-content-font-weight:400;\"><div class=\"panel-group fusion-toggle-icon-unboxed\" id=\"accordion-474-46\"><div class=\"fusion-panel panel-default panel-4c3344f1d2451336b fusion-toggle-no-divider fusion-toggle-boxed-mode\"><div class=\"panel-heading\"><h4 class=\"panel-title toggle\" id=\"toggle_4c3344f1d2451336b\"><a aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"4c3344f1d2451336b\" role=\"button\" data-toggle=\"collapse\" data-parent=\"#accordion-474-46\" data-target=\"#4c3344f1d2451336b\" href=\"#4c3344f1d2451336b\"><span class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i class=\"fa-fusion-box active-icon awb-icon-minus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><i class=\"fa-fusion-box inactive-icon awb-icon-plus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fusion-toggle-heading\">Drug Addiction and It\u2019s Epigenetic Landscape: A Systematic<br \/>\nReview <\/span><\/a><\/h4><\/div><div id=\"4c3344f1d2451336b\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse \" aria-labelledby=\"toggle_4c3344f1d2451336b\"><div class=\"panel-body toggle-content fusion-clearfix\">\n<p>By: Rebaz Saidgul<\/p>\n<p>Supervised by: Mr. Harmand A. Hama<\/p>\n<p><strong>Abstract<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Addiction is considered as the inability to stop or control the use of a substance<br \/>\nor behavior, which is one of the most complex neuropsychiatric disorders<br \/>\nknown since ancient times. Variable factors have impact on the addiction<br \/>\noccurrence and recently epigenetics considered as one of them. Consequently,<br \/>\nthe current study aims to investigate the potential correlation between<br \/>\nepigenetic modifications and their possible impact on the addiction. We<br \/>\nsystematically reviewed 26 published studies from 2010 to 2024 in different<br \/>\nsearching engines including Google Scholar, Scopus, and PubMed. Moreover,<br \/>\nany form of review articles, duplicated studies, publications written in language<br \/>\nrather than English were excluded from the study. The results indicate the<br \/>\nexpression alteration of variable MicroRNAs including miRNA-132, miR-496-<br \/>\n3p, miR-194-5p, miR-200b-3p and miR181a-5p, miR-124, miR-181a, miR181, and microRNA-495 to be correlated with Opioid, Methamphetamine,<br \/>\ncocaine, and alcohol addiction. Furthermore, the CpG islands methylation<br \/>\nmainly in promoter regions of different genes associated with heroin, alcohol<br \/>\nand nicotine addiction. On the other hand, histone modification such as; H4K5<br \/>\nmodifications on the BRG1 gene, Histone H2A monoubiquitination, and<br \/>\nGABA-A\u03b15 overexpression due to H3K4 trimethylation were found have<br \/>\ncorrelation with heroin, cocaine, and alcohol respectively. In conclusion, it can<br \/>\nbe stated that epigenetic modifications have direct or indirect impact on<br \/>\naddiction by different way and level.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"accordian fusion-accordian\" style=\"--awb-border-size:0px;--awb-icon-size:25px;--awb-content-font-size:15px;--awb-icon-alignment:left;--awb-hover-color:#ffffff;--awb-border-color:#e7e4e2;--awb-background-color:#ffffff;--awb-divider-color:#e7e4e2;--awb-divider-hover-color:#e7e4e2;--awb-icon-color:#f09a3e;--awb-title-color:#ef9a3d;--awb-content-color:#7e8890;--awb-icon-box-color:#333333;--awb-toggle-hover-accent-color:#f09a3e;--awb-title-font-family:&quot;Open Sans&quot;;--awb-title-font-weight:700;--awb-title-font-style:normal;--awb-title-font-size:15px;--awb-content-font-family:&quot;Open Sans&quot;;--awb-content-font-style:normal;--awb-content-font-weight:400;\"><div class=\"panel-group fusion-toggle-icon-unboxed\" id=\"accordion-474-47\"><div class=\"fusion-panel panel-default panel-09ea19031150af695 fusion-toggle-no-divider fusion-toggle-boxed-mode\"><div class=\"panel-heading\"><h4 class=\"panel-title toggle\" id=\"toggle_09ea19031150af695\"><a aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"09ea19031150af695\" role=\"button\" data-toggle=\"collapse\" data-parent=\"#accordion-474-47\" data-target=\"#09ea19031150af695\" href=\"#09ea19031150af695\"><span class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i class=\"fa-fusion-box active-icon awb-icon-minus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><i class=\"fa-fusion-box inactive-icon awb-icon-plus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fusion-toggle-heading\">A Study about Loneliness in 4th-Year College Students at<br \/>\nTIU: Understanding the Impact and Seeking Solutions<\/span><\/a><\/h4><\/div><div id=\"09ea19031150af695\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse \" aria-labelledby=\"toggle_09ea19031150af695\"><div class=\"panel-body toggle-content fusion-clearfix\">\n<p>By: Rezhna Adnan Abdullah<\/p>\n<p>Supervised by: Dr. Habip Bedir<\/p>\n<p><strong>Abstract<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Loneliness is defined as a situation in which a person experiences a subjective<br \/>\ndeficiency of social relationships qualitatively and quantitatively. There are two<br \/>\ntypes of Loneliness: emotional loneliness and social loneliness. To deal with<br \/>\nloneliness problems, the current situation should be identified, and a plan<br \/>\ndeveloped to deal with the problem. However, there is little study on Loneliness<br \/>\nin the Kurdistan Region-Iraq. Therefore, it is urged that researchers conduct<br \/>\nstudies aimed at exploring various background factors linked with loneliness.<br \/>\nThe study aimed at exploring the correlation between loneliness and three<br \/>\nfactors including age, gender, and academic discipline. For this purpose, the<br \/>\nUCLA Loneliness Scale developed by Daniel Russell, Letitia Peplau, and Mary<br \/>\nFerguson in 1978, administered to the participants of the study who were<br \/>\nseniors at the Tishk International University, Erbil, Iraq. When the results of the<br \/>\nscale were analyzed using the SPSS program, the results showed that there is<br \/>\nno statistical difference between levels of loneliness and age and gender.<br \/>\nHowever, it was witnessed that levels of loneliness are associated with<br \/>\nacademic discipline, particularly in the seniors of the computer education and<br \/>\ncomputer engineering departments as compared to seniors of the Biology<br \/>\nEducation Department. This suggests that the type of academic discipline can<br \/>\nlead to levels of loneliness as per its characteristics and workload.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"accordian fusion-accordian\" style=\"--awb-border-size:0px;--awb-icon-size:25px;--awb-content-font-size:15px;--awb-icon-alignment:left;--awb-hover-color:#ffffff;--awb-border-color:#e7e4e2;--awb-background-color:#ffffff;--awb-divider-color:#e7e4e2;--awb-divider-hover-color:#e7e4e2;--awb-icon-color:#f09a3e;--awb-title-color:#ef9a3d;--awb-content-color:#7e8890;--awb-icon-box-color:#333333;--awb-toggle-hover-accent-color:#f09a3e;--awb-title-font-family:&quot;Open Sans&quot;;--awb-title-font-weight:700;--awb-title-font-style:normal;--awb-title-font-size:15px;--awb-content-font-family:&quot;Open Sans&quot;;--awb-content-font-style:normal;--awb-content-font-weight:400;\"><div class=\"panel-group fusion-toggle-icon-unboxed\" id=\"accordion-474-48\"><div class=\"fusion-panel panel-default panel-391b16cf1d9099565 fusion-toggle-no-divider fusion-toggle-boxed-mode\"><div class=\"panel-heading\"><h4 class=\"panel-title toggle\" id=\"toggle_391b16cf1d9099565\"><a aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"391b16cf1d9099565\" role=\"button\" data-toggle=\"collapse\" data-parent=\"#accordion-474-48\" data-target=\"#391b16cf1d9099565\" href=\"#391b16cf1d9099565\"><span class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i class=\"fa-fusion-box active-icon awb-icon-minus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><i class=\"fa-fusion-box inactive-icon awb-icon-plus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fusion-toggle-heading\">A Comparative Analysis of Superoxide Dismutase Level in<br \/>\nAutistic and Neurotypical Children in Erbil, Kurdistan <\/span><\/a><\/h4><\/div><div id=\"391b16cf1d9099565\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse \" aria-labelledby=\"toggle_391b16cf1d9099565\"><div class=\"panel-body toggle-content fusion-clearfix\">\n<p>By: Saya Kamal<\/p>\n<p>Supervised by: Mrs. Zhikal Omar Khudhur<\/p>\n<p><strong>Abstract<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Autism spectrum disorder ASD is a developmental disorder characterized by<br \/>\nimpaired social interaction and communication as well as repetitive behaviors<br \/>\nand restricted interests. There are many different pathways involved in the<br \/>\netiology of autism including mitochondrial dysfunction and increased oxidative<br \/>\nstress. Superoxide dismutase is an antioxidant enzyme plays important role in<br \/>\nconverting superoxide radicals such us (O2<br \/>\n.) to less harmful molecules such as<br \/>\nhydrogen peroxide (H2O2). This study measures blood circulating levels of<br \/>\nSOD and compares them with age- and gender-matched ordinarily developing<br \/>\nchildren in order to investigate the possible involvement of SOD in Kurdish<br \/>\nchildren with ASD. In this study, 40 children with autism and 40 healthy<br \/>\nchildren were involved. The pyrogallol indirect spectrophotometric test was<br \/>\ndeveloped to identify SOD, Serum SOD in the ASD group was (0.717 \u00b1 0.017<br \/>\nU mg-1) and was significantly higher (p=0.036) compared to the control group<br \/>\n(0.665 \u00b1 0.016 U mg-1). According to our study, elevated serum levels may<br \/>\nhave a role in the etiology and development of autism in Kurdish children and<br \/>\nmay be used as a biomarker or indication of ASD.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"accordian fusion-accordian\" style=\"--awb-border-size:0px;--awb-icon-size:25px;--awb-content-font-size:15px;--awb-icon-alignment:left;--awb-hover-color:#ffffff;--awb-border-color:#e7e4e2;--awb-background-color:#ffffff;--awb-divider-color:#e7e4e2;--awb-divider-hover-color:#e7e4e2;--awb-icon-color:#f09a3e;--awb-title-color:#ef9a3d;--awb-content-color:#7e8890;--awb-icon-box-color:#333333;--awb-toggle-hover-accent-color:#f09a3e;--awb-title-font-family:&quot;Open Sans&quot;;--awb-title-font-weight:700;--awb-title-font-style:normal;--awb-title-font-size:15px;--awb-content-font-family:&quot;Open Sans&quot;;--awb-content-font-style:normal;--awb-content-font-weight:400;\"><div class=\"panel-group fusion-toggle-icon-unboxed\" id=\"accordion-474-49\"><div class=\"fusion-panel panel-default panel-b0b8100f84d452c48 fusion-toggle-no-divider fusion-toggle-boxed-mode\"><div class=\"panel-heading\"><h4 class=\"panel-title toggle\" id=\"toggle_b0b8100f84d452c48\"><a aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"b0b8100f84d452c48\" role=\"button\" data-toggle=\"collapse\" data-parent=\"#accordion-474-49\" data-target=\"#b0b8100f84d452c48\" href=\"#b0b8100f84d452c48\"><span class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i class=\"fa-fusion-box active-icon awb-icon-minus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><i class=\"fa-fusion-box inactive-icon awb-icon-plus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fusion-toggle-heading\">Inventory of Plants in Sami Abdulrahman Park<\/span><\/a><\/h4><\/div><div id=\"b0b8100f84d452c48\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse \" aria-labelledby=\"toggle_b0b8100f84d452c48\"><div class=\"panel-body toggle-content fusion-clearfix\">\n<p>By: Sazan Qasim<\/p>\n<p>Supervised by: Assist. Prof. Dr. Abdulrahman Mahmoud Dogara<\/p>\n<p><strong>Abstract<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>An arrangement of plant populations that coexist in a certain area and interact<br \/>\nwith one another while the environment undergoes long-term changes is known<br \/>\nas a plant community. In addition to providing food and habitat for animals and<br \/>\nother species, plant communities uphold the functioning of the entire<br \/>\necosystem. In Erbil, Iraq&#8217;s Kurdistan Region, Sami Abdulrahman Park is an<br \/>\nessential urban green area with recreational, ecological, and aesthetic benefits.<br \/>\nThe significance of the park&#8217;s plant variety notwithstanding, there remains a<br \/>\nsignificant knowledge vacuum. The results of a thorough inventory that was<br \/>\nconducted to record the variety and distribution of plant species in the park are<br \/>\npresented in this study. A varied collection of plant species, comprising both<br \/>\nnative and invasive taxa, is shown by preliminary research. In order to illustrate<br \/>\nhabitat variability and ecological gradients, the distribution patterns of several<br \/>\nplant communities were visualized using spatial mapping techniques. The<br \/>\ninventory lays the groundwork for management and conservation efforts by<br \/>\noffering insightful information about Sami Abdulrahman Park&#8217;s plant richness.<br \/>\nIt is essential to comprehend the plant diversity of the park to improve<br \/>\necosystem services, support biodiversity conservation, and create sustainable<br \/>\nurban green spaces. It is essential to comprehend the plant diversity of the park<br \/>\nto improve ecosystem services, support biodiversity conservation, and create<br \/>\nsustainable urban green spaces.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"accordian fusion-accordian\" style=\"--awb-border-size:0px;--awb-icon-size:25px;--awb-content-font-size:15px;--awb-icon-alignment:left;--awb-hover-color:#ffffff;--awb-border-color:#e7e4e2;--awb-background-color:#ffffff;--awb-divider-color:#e7e4e2;--awb-divider-hover-color:#e7e4e2;--awb-icon-color:#f09a3e;--awb-title-color:#ef9a3d;--awb-content-color:#7e8890;--awb-icon-box-color:#333333;--awb-toggle-hover-accent-color:#f09a3e;--awb-title-font-family:&quot;Open Sans&quot;;--awb-title-font-weight:700;--awb-title-font-style:normal;--awb-title-font-size:15px;--awb-content-font-family:&quot;Open Sans&quot;;--awb-content-font-style:normal;--awb-content-font-weight:400;\"><div class=\"panel-group fusion-toggle-icon-unboxed\" id=\"accordion-474-50\"><div class=\"fusion-panel panel-default panel-11cd59fcd0dcc1c47 fusion-toggle-no-divider fusion-toggle-boxed-mode\"><div class=\"panel-heading\"><h4 class=\"panel-title toggle\" id=\"toggle_11cd59fcd0dcc1c47\"><a aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"11cd59fcd0dcc1c47\" role=\"button\" data-toggle=\"collapse\" data-parent=\"#accordion-474-50\" data-target=\"#11cd59fcd0dcc1c47\" href=\"#11cd59fcd0dcc1c47\"><span class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i class=\"fa-fusion-box active-icon awb-icon-minus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><i class=\"fa-fusion-box inactive-icon awb-icon-plus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fusion-toggle-heading\">Biological and Pharmacological Activity of Miswak<br \/>\n(Salvadora Persica) <\/span><\/a><\/h4><\/div><div id=\"11cd59fcd0dcc1c47\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse \" aria-labelledby=\"toggle_11cd59fcd0dcc1c47\"><div class=\"panel-body toggle-content fusion-clearfix\">\n<p>By: Soz Hassan<\/p>\n<p>Supervised by: Mrs. Sawsan Hamed<\/p>\n<p><strong>Abstract<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Miswak (Salvadora persica) is a large, branched, evergreen plant, found in the desert<br \/>\nand dry places in Sudi Arabi, India, and Africa. Traditionally, chewing sticks are<br \/>\nused as a brush and for oral hygiene worldwide, mostly by Muslims as mentioned<br \/>\nin one of the hadiths of the prophet Muhammed (PBUH) before 1400 years ago.<br \/>\nThis review presents the traditional uses of Salvadora persica supported by<br \/>\ncontemporary research and emphasizes the plant&#8217;s pharmacological and biological<br \/>\nproperties. Articles published in Elsevier, Google Scholar, Scopus, PubMed, and<br \/>\nScienceDirect databases were analyzed using related keywords. The keywords were<br \/>\nMiswak taxonomy, description, distribution, and its traditional use. In addition, the<br \/>\nbiological and pharmacological properties of S. persica plant parts such as stem,<br \/>\nfruits, roots, and leaves in treating medical conditions or illnesses such as diabetes,<br \/>\ncancer, inflammation, microbial infection, cholesterol, and antioxidant activity. The<br \/>\nresults showed that Salvadora persica has substantial pharmacological effects in<br \/>\ntreating widespread diseases including hyperglycemia, human hepatoma cell<br \/>\ncancer, carcinoma, breast cancer, aspergillosis, depressant, anxiolytic, as well as in<br \/>\ntreating COVID-19. Salvadora persica roots have potent antibacterial,<br \/>\nantimicrobial, antihyperglycemic, antihyperlipidemic, cytotoxin, antioxidant,<br \/>\nantiangiogenic, antiproliferative, and antifungal properties. Moreover, the stem<br \/>\nexhibited antibacterial, antioxidant, antibiofilm, antiviral, antimicrobial, antifungal,<br \/>\nantiplaque, antigingivitic, antidepressant and anxiety, anti-inflammatory, and<br \/>\nanalgesic properties that help the human body. The leaves of the plants contain<br \/>\nmostly antioxidants with some other properties like antimicrobial, antinociceptive,<br \/>\nantibacterial, cytotoxin, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antileishmanial, antiviral,<br \/>\nantiparasitic, antidepressant, and hypercholesterolemia. The activity of Salvadora<br \/>\npersica is due to the presence of substantial amounts of vitamin C, flavonoids,<br \/>\nalkaloids, tannins, and essential oils. Thus, S. persica has been identified as a<br \/>\ntherapeutical and potential adaptogenic natural remedy for human health.<br \/>\nNevertheless, further research is needed to determine the optimal dosage and<br \/>\nexplore its benefits in clinical trials before it can be considered a viable alternative<br \/>\nmedicine.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"accordian fusion-accordian\" style=\"--awb-border-size:0px;--awb-icon-size:25px;--awb-content-font-size:15px;--awb-icon-alignment:left;--awb-hover-color:#ffffff;--awb-border-color:#e7e4e2;--awb-background-color:#ffffff;--awb-divider-color:#e7e4e2;--awb-divider-hover-color:#e7e4e2;--awb-icon-color:#f09a3e;--awb-title-color:#ef9a3d;--awb-content-color:#7e8890;--awb-icon-box-color:#333333;--awb-toggle-hover-accent-color:#f09a3e;--awb-title-font-family:&quot;Open Sans&quot;;--awb-title-font-weight:700;--awb-title-font-style:normal;--awb-title-font-size:15px;--awb-content-font-family:&quot;Open Sans&quot;;--awb-content-font-style:normal;--awb-content-font-weight:400;\"><div class=\"panel-group fusion-toggle-icon-unboxed\" id=\"accordion-474-51\"><div class=\"fusion-panel panel-default panel-27a9566f11126ce48 fusion-toggle-no-divider fusion-toggle-boxed-mode\"><div class=\"panel-heading\"><h4 class=\"panel-title toggle\" id=\"toggle_27a9566f11126ce48\"><a aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"27a9566f11126ce48\" role=\"button\" data-toggle=\"collapse\" data-parent=\"#accordion-474-51\" data-target=\"#27a9566f11126ce48\" href=\"#27a9566f11126ce48\"><span class=\"fusion-toggle-icon-wrapper\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><i class=\"fa-fusion-box active-icon awb-icon-minus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><i class=\"fa-fusion-box inactive-icon awb-icon-plus\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><\/span><span class=\"fusion-toggle-heading\">Taxonomic Description of Achillea in Iraq <\/span><\/a><\/h4><\/div><div id=\"27a9566f11126ce48\" class=\"panel-collapse collapse \" aria-labelledby=\"toggle_27a9566f11126ce48\"><div class=\"panel-body toggle-content fusion-clearfix\">\n<p>By: Zainab Ozer<\/p>\n<p>Supervised by: Assist. Prof. Dr. Abdulrahman Mahmoud Dogara<\/p>\n<p><strong>Abstract<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The Achillea species are established for their medicinal properties, due to<br \/>\nbioactive compounds such as flavonoids and terpenoids. Taxonomic research<br \/>\nhas elucidated the morphological, anatomical, and palynological characteristic<br \/>\nof Achillea, facilitating their identification and classification. However, the<br \/>\ntaxonomic multiplicity of Achillea in Iraq remains weakly understood. This<br \/>\nstudy employs herbarium examination, morphometric measurements, and<br \/>\nmultivariate analyses to conduct a comprehensive taxonomic description of<br \/>\nAchillea in Iraq. Herbarium specimens will be examined at the Salahaddin<br \/>\nUniversity, while morphometric measurements will be controlled on specimens<br \/>\nto review leaf morphology. Multivariate analyses, including Principal<br \/>\nComponent Analysis (PCA) and Hierarchical Cluster Analysis (HCA), will be<br \/>\nutilized to analyze morphological data and recognize species relationships. This<br \/>\nstudy investigates the morphological characteristics and taxonomic<br \/>\nrelationships of Achillea species in Iraq through comprehensive morphometric<br \/>\nanalyses and multivariate assessments. A total of 16 specimens representing<br \/>\nvarious Achillea species were collected from different regions of Iraq and<br \/>\nsubjected to morphometric measurements, including leaf, size, shape,<br \/>\nattachment, and organization. Hierarchical Cluster Analysis (HCA) and<br \/>\nPrincipal Component Analysis (PCA) were employed to elucidate species<br \/>\nrelationships based on morphometric data. The results revealed significant<br \/>\nmorphological diversity among Achillea species, with distinct clusters<br \/>\ncorresponding to species with similar traits. Additionally, taxonomic<br \/>\nimplications and conservation significance of the findings were discussed,<br \/>\nemphasizing the importance of accurate species identification for conservation<br \/>\nefforts. This study contributes to the taxonomic clarification of Achillea species<br \/>\nin Iraq and underscores the need for interdisciplinary research and conservation<br \/>\ninitiatives to preserve Achillea diversity and its habitats.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"fusion-clearfix\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":91,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-474","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.2 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Project &amp; Thesis - Biology Department TIU<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Effect of Garlic (Allium sativum) in oral micro floraThe effect of Pistacia atlantica (gum) on human microbial floraThe effect...\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/education.tiu.edu.iq\/biology\/project-thesis\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Project &amp; 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